India and the U.S. will resolve trade disputes after talks between Trump and Modi

February 14, 2025

U.S. President Donald Trump meets with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the White House in Washington, D.C.

India and the United States reached an agreement on Thursday to initiate discussions aimed at finalizing an early trade deal and addressing their ongoing tariff disputes. New Delhi has committed to increasing its purchases of U.S. oil, gas, and military equipment, as well as tackling illegal immigration.

These agreements were established following a meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the White House. This occurred shortly after Trump expressed concerns regarding the business environment for U.S. companies in India and presented a framework for reciprocal tariffs on nations imposing duties on U.S. imports.

“Prime Minister Modi has recently announced reductions to India’s excessively high tariffs that restrict our access to the Indian market, which is a significant issue,” Trump stated. India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri indicated that a resolution to trade issues could be achieved within the next seven months.

A joint statement released after the meeting noted that Washington appreciated New Delhi’s recent actions to lower tariffs on certain U.S. products and enhance market access for U.S. agricultural goods, with the aim of negotiating the initial components of a trade agreement by the fall of 2025.

While both leaders had differing views on tariffs, Misri emphasized that the more significant development is the establishment of a path forward on this matter. Some of the agreements made by the leaders are ambitious, with India aiming to significantly boost its purchases of U.S. defense equipment and potentially position Washington as its primary supplier of oil and gas, as stated by Trump during a joint press conference with Modi.

Delhi aims to double its trade with Washington by 2030, as stated by Modi. The leaders also addressed long-standing collaboration on nuclear energy, which continues to encounter legal hurdles.

Trump mentioned, “We are also working towards ultimately supplying India with the F-35 stealth fighters.” However, Misri, the Indian official, clarified that the F-35 deal is currently just a proposal, with no formal negotiations in progress. The White House did not provide any comments regarding the potential deal.

TRUMP’S OBJECTIVES

Despite having a cordial relationship with Modi during his first term, Trump reiterated on Thursday that India’s tariffs are “very high” and indicated a willingness to impose equivalent tariffs, following his previous tariffs on steel and aluminum that significantly impacted India’s metal industry.

“We are reciprocating with India,” Trump stated at the press conference. “Whatever India imposes, we will impose in return.” Modi assured that he would safeguard India’s interests.

“I greatly value and learn from President Trump’s approach of prioritizing national interest,” Modi remarked. “Like him, I also place India’s national interest above all else.” The two leaders commended each other and agreed to enhance security collaboration in the Indo-Pacific, subtly referencing their competition with China, as well as to initiate joint production in areas such as artificial intelligence.

In discussions prior to the meeting regarding India’s initiatives, one source characterized the actions as a “gift” for Trump aimed at alleviating trade tensions. An aide to Trump indicated that the president views defense and energy transactions with India as a means to reduce the U.S. trade deficit.

According to India’s Misri, energy imports from the U.S. could rise to $25 billion in the near term, up from $15 billion last year, which could aid in diminishing the trade deficit. Richard Rossow, who leads the India program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, noted that tariffs will remain a significant factor in the bilateral relationship. “It’s going to be a boxing match,” he remarked. “India is prepared to endure some challenges, but there are limits.”

Currently, the U.S. faces a $45.6 billion trade deficit with India. The average trade-weighted tariff rate in the U.S. is approximately 2.2%, as reported by the World Trade Organization, in contrast to India’s 12%.

ADDRESSING ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION

Trump is seeking increased cooperation from India regarding unauthorized immigration. India is a significant source of immigrants to the U.S., particularly in the technology sector, where many enter on work visas, while others are undocumented.

The joint statement indicated that both nations have committed to tackling illegal immigration and human trafficking through enhanced law enforcement collaboration. India may play a crucial role in Trump’s strategy to counter China, which is perceived by many in his administration as the primary U.S. adversary. India remains cautious of China’s military expansion and competes for similar markets.

Modi expresses concern that Trump might negotiate an agreement with China that leaves India out, as noted by Mukesh Aghi, president of the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum.

Meanwhile, India has maintained its relationship with Russia amid the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, continuing to be a significant consumer of Russian energy, even as Western nations strive to reduce their own consumption since the onset of the war.

“There is a perception that India is neutral in this situation,” Modi stated. “However, this is not accurate. India has a stance, and that stance is one of peace.”

China might have commenced the construction of the Type 004 supercarrier

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Recent satellite imagery indicates that China might have initiated the construction of its latest nuclear-powered Type 004 super aircraft carrier. Observers have noted this possibility, although there are several inconsistencies between the images and the typical construction procedures for such vessels.

The primary concern is that the images appear to depict a flight deck module, leading to speculation that this could merely be a test module, implying that actual construction may not have commenced. Experts in the field have suggested that the image does indeed show a test module, while others dispute this interpretation.

“I tend to be skeptical, but this might actually be the first evidence that the Type 004 is under construction,” commented @Rupprecht_A on his X account, which closely monitors developments in the Chinese military sector.

Another analyst, Húrin, pointed out that one of the images includes a full-scale mock-up of the J-15 carrier-based fighter. “This could be our first glimpse of the Type 004 Chinese Nuclear Carrier modules at Dalian, and even the J-15 mock-up is present,” Húrin noted.

The potential construction of China’s first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the Type 004, signifies a major transformation in naval power dynamics and a substantial technological advancement for the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

Recent satellite images and reports indicate that the vessel has been spotted at the Dalian shipyard, suggesting that China may be rapidly progressing its carrier program. However, there is no conclusive evidence that China has set aside plans for a second Type 003-class carrier. If accurate, this development could significantly reshape the strategic environment in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond.

A nuclear-powered aircraft carrier provides the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) with an unparalleled capacity for operational endurance and power projection. In contrast to conventionally powered carriers that depend on fossil fuels and necessitate frequent refueling, a nuclear carrier can function for extended periods, constrained only by the availability of food, supplies, and crew stamina.

This capability enables prolonged deployments well beyond Chinese territorial waters, bolstering Beijing’s aspirations to position itself as a formidable blue-water navy capable of conducting global operations. The United States has long enjoyed this advantage with its Nimitz- and Ford-class carriers, and China’s initiative to enter this exclusive group indicates its intention to contest U.S. naval supremacy on a larger scale.

The decision to expedite the development of the Type 004 carrier is also noteworthy. The Type 003, named Fujian, marks China’s shift from ski-jump carriers to those utilizing electromagnetic catapult-assisted takeoff, akin to the technology found in America’s Ford-class carriers.

However, despite its technological advancements, the Type 003 remains conventionally powered, which restricts its operational endurance and necessitates substantial logistical support for long-range missions. By prioritizing the development of a nuclear-powered carrier, China is signaling its ambition to overcome the limitations of conventional carriers and enhance its naval aviation capabilities more rapidly.

Nonetheless, there is no definitive indication that the PLAN has opted to abandon a second Type 003 in favor of the Type 004; it is possible that both classes will be developed simultaneously.

The strategic ramifications of a nuclear-powered Chinese supercarrier are significant. Primarily, it equips Beijing with a platform capable of conducting sustained operations across the Pacific, Indian Ocean, and beyond, thereby diminishing its reliance on regional bases and logistical support.

This capability is especially vital in the context of a potential Taiwan scenario, where China would aim to deter U.S. and allied intervention by establishing a continuous presence of carrier strike groups in contested waters. A nuclear-powered carrier would enable the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to exert pressure over prolonged periods, bolstering its expanding anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) strategies and complicating U.S. strategic assessments.

Furthermore, the introduction of the Type 004 would enhance China’s power projection into critical maritime chokepoints, including the Malacca Strait, the South China Sea, and potentially the Persian Gulf.

The capacity to maintain carrier operations in these areas would amplify China’s influence over vital global trade routes and energy security, posing a challenge to the traditional supremacy of the U.S. Navy and its allies.

Considering that approximately one-third of global maritime trade transits through the South China Sea, Beijing’s ability to deploy a nuclear carrier in this region would further solidify its territorial claims and deter potential challengers.

The technological implications of developing the Type 004 extend beyond the carrier itself. A successful nuclear-powered carrier initiative would likely lead to advancements in nuclear propulsion technologies applicable to other naval assets, including next-generation Chinese submarines and surface vessels.

The United States has historically utilized nuclear propulsion in its most sophisticated warships, and China’s interest in similar technology indicates its intention to modernize its naval fleet, potentially altering the dynamics of maritime power in the future.

Should China succeed in mastering the intricate engineering necessary for a nuclear aircraft carrier, it is likely that the nation will soon develop nuclear-powered cruisers or destroyers, thereby significantly enhancing its expeditionary capabilities.

The introduction of a Chinese nuclear supercarrier is bound to elicit a reaction from the United States and its allies in the region. In response, Washington has ramped up efforts to strengthen its naval presence in the Pacific, fostering closer collaboration with Japan, Australia, and India through initiatives such as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) and the AUKUS security agreement.

The U.S. Navy is expected to increase the frequency of its carrier strike group deployments to the area as it aims to counter China’s growing military influence. Furthermore, nations like Japan and South Korea may expedite their own carrier development programs, potentially exploring nuclear propulsion options to keep pace with China’s expanding naval capabilities.

A critical question remains regarding the timeline for China to operationalize the Type 004 carrier. The development of a nuclear-powered carrier is an exceptionally complex task, necessitating not only advanced shipbuilding skills but also a well-trained nuclear engineering workforce and a robust support infrastructure.

The U.S. Navy spent decades refining its nuclear carrier operations, and while China has demonstrated a capacity for rapid technological progress, it will still encounter considerable obstacles in reactor design, propulsion efficiency, and long-term maintenance.

The swift emergence of the Type 004 at the Dalian shipyard indicates that China is advancing at a remarkable rate. Should the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) succeed in deploying a fully operational nuclear aircraft carrier within the next ten years, it would represent a significant achievement, reinforcing China’s status as a formidable naval force capable of challenging U.S. dominance on the world’s oceans.

Regardless of whether this ship fulfills its anticipated role or encounters challenges, its development unmistakably demonstrates Beijing’s determination to alter the dynamics of maritime power in the 21st century.

Russia is set to unveil a new variant of the T-90MS tank at the upcoming showcase in Abu Dhabi

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

In a recent interview with the Russian news agency RIA Novosti about the forthcoming IDEX-2025 exhibition, scheduled for February 17-21 in the UAE, Bekhan Ozdoev, the industrial director of the weapons, ammunition, and special chemicals cluster at Rostec, revealed that the event will feature “the best serial production tank in the world.” He indicated that this tank could represent a significant opportunity for foreign partners.

Ozdoev noted, “The T-90MS tank that Rosoboronexport will showcase at the exhibition is not the same model we presented at IDEX-2015. This is an export variant that has been tested in the Special Military Operation [the conflict in Ukraine]. It includes substantial enhancements across all systems. We have not previously displayed this version internationally.”

Sources from Rostec have reported that the tank is equipped with an upgraded, comprehensive multi-layered protection system designed to defend against RPGs, anti-tank guided missiles, and the increasingly common FPV drones. Additionally, it features state-of-the-art fire control systems, advanced optics, modernized interfaces, and a wide array of ammunition options. “It offers remarkable firepower,” Ozdoev highlighted.

The latest iteration of the T-90MS seems to be a direct answer to the changing threats seen in contemporary warfare. While specific details regarding its upgrades remain confidential, the focus on survivability and lethality indicates that Russian engineers have learned valuable lessons from the battlefield. The decision to unveil this enhanced version at IDEX-2025 underscores Moscow’s strategy to strengthen its foothold in the competitive global arms market, particularly targeting Middle Eastern and Asian clients.

Russia has consistently promoted the T-90 series as a budget-friendly alternative to Western main battle tanks, emphasizing its effective combination of firepower, protection, and mobility. The latest iteration, the T-90MS, incorporates modifications based on frontline experiences, aiming to reinforce this established reputation.

“At IDEX 2025, Rosoboronexport is showcasing a wide array of new products from the Russian defense sector, marking a significant development in recent years. Featured prominently are the T-90MS, touted as the best MBT globally in its upgraded form, alongside the Pantsir-SMD-E SAM system, KUB next-generation loitering munitions, the Kornet-EM ATGM system with remote control capabilities, the new Bulat missile, and the Berezhok crew compartment. Our exhibit reflects Russia’s holistic strategy in the development and enhancement of various weapon systems, informed by insights gained from contemporary combat experiences. This approach has already facilitated contracts exceeding $4.5 billion with 15 allied nations in 2025,” stated Rosoboronexport Director General Alexander Mikheev in a communication to BulgarianMilitary.com.

The extent to which the T-90MS will resonate in a market increasingly favoring Western and domestic armored solutions remains uncertain; however, its introduction at IDEX-2025 is expected to attract significant interest from military analysts and prospective buyers.

The T-90M Proryv represents the pinnacle of the T-90 series, featuring substantial advancements in firepower, protection, mobility, and battlefield situational awareness.

As an upgrade to the T-90A, it boasts a modernized fire control system, enhanced armor, and improved communication capabilities, positioning it as one of the most powerful main battle tanks currently in service with the Russian military.

While maintaining the fundamental design of its predecessors, which includes a three-person crew comprising a commander, gunner, and driver, it integrates cutting-edge technologies that greatly augment its combat capabilities.

The T-90M’s primary weapon is the 125mm 2A46M-4 smoothbore gun, which enhances precision and is compatible with a diverse array of munitions. This includes armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds, high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, high-explosive fragmentation shells, and guided missiles like the 9M119M Refleks, which can effectively target both armored vehicles and aerial threats at considerable distances.

This main armament is supported by an upgraded autoloader that increases the rate of fire and lessens the burden on the crew. Additionally, the tank is equipped with a coaxial 7.62mm PKTM machine gun and a 12.7mm Kord heavy machine gun mounted on the roof in a remotely operated station, allowing the commander to engage threats while remaining protected from enemy fire.

The fire control system has seen substantial enhancements with the Kalina system, which features a multi-channel sighting complex, an automatic target tracking capability, and a sophisticated ballistic computer.

The gunner utilizes the Sosna-U sight, which includes a thermal imaging camera, a laser rangefinder, and an independent stabilization system, ensuring high accuracy in various lighting conditions. The commander benefits from a panoramic sight with comparable features, facilitating hunter-killer tactics where the commander can assign targets to the gunner while actively monitoring the battlefield for additional threats.

The digital battlefield management system significantly improves coordination among units and delivers real-time situational awareness, keeping the crew updated on enemy locations and the movements of friendly forces.

The protection capabilities have been substantially upgraded with the implementation of Relikt explosive reactive armor, which provides enhanced defense against contemporary armor-piercing and tandem-charge munitions, surpassing the previous Kontakt-5 ERA. Additionally, the tank features bar-slat armor at the rear to defend against rocket-propelled grenades, along with an advanced composite armor package for the turret and hull.

In certain configurations, the T-90M is equipped with the Afghanit active protection system, capable of detecting and neutralizing incoming anti-tank guided missiles. Furthermore, the Shtora-1 electro-optical jamming system offers soft-kill protection by disrupting enemy laser guidance and rangefinding capabilities. The tank also includes an automatic fire suppression system and overpressure NBC protection to shield the crew from chemical, biological, and nuclear threats.

Mobility enhancements are achieved through the installation of the V-92S2F diesel engine, which generates 1,130 horsepower, providing a power-to-weight ratio that supports high-speed maneuvers across challenging terrains.

The tank features an upgraded transmission system and enhanced running gear, including reinforced torsion bars and hydraulic shock absorbers, which improve ride quality and stability during off-road operations. The tracks have been optimized for superior grip and durability, thereby extending the tank’s operational range and reliability.

Designed with modularity in mind, the T-90M allows for future upgrades and adaptability to various combat situations. The integration of digital communication systems ensures compatibility with contemporary command and control networks, thereby enhancing its capability to engage in network-centric warfare.

The Proryv variant of the T-90 presents a more ergonomic crew compartment than its predecessors, featuring enhanced instrumentation and displays that help minimize crew fatigue and boost combat effectiveness. With its integration of advanced sensors, both active and passive protection systems, along with enhanced mobility, the T-90M stands out as a formidable and resilient main battle tank in contemporary combat scenarios.

Germany misses military targets despite Scholz’s overhaul

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

A member of German army Bundeswehr exercises during a presentation to German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius during his visit to the airborne brigade of German army Bundeswehr in Saarlouis, Germany.

The readiness of the German military has diminished compared to the period when Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine in 2022, according to insights from military officials, lawmakers, and defense experts shared with Reuters. Even with a potential increase in defense spending from a new government, significant challenges will persist for years, particularly due to shortages in air defense, artillery, and personnel.

Colonel Andre Wuestner, the head of the German Armed Forces Association, noted in an interview with Reuters that prior to Russia’s invasion, the army maintained eight brigades at approximately 65% readiness. He explained that the transfer of weapons, ammunition, and equipment to Ukraine, along with the acceleration of Germany’s own military exercises, has adversely affected the availability of resources.

As a result, he indicated that the readiness of the German land forces has now dropped to about 50%. Chancellor Olaf Scholz had committed to reforming Germany’s outdated military following Russia’s aggression, but three years later, the goal of supplying NATO with two divisions—approximately 40,000 troops—by 2025 and 2027 is encountering significant obstacles, as reported by numerous military officials, lawmakers, and defense experts.

The information provided by these sources, some of whom requested anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the military details, highlights Berlin’s vulnerable situation as Europe navigates a new geopolitical landscape under U.S. President Donald Trump. Germany, along with Poland, has been assigned by NATO to supply the majority of ground forces that would serve as the initial response to any potential Russian incursion on the alliance’s eastern front.

Scholz’s ambitious commitment to initiate a Zeitenwende, or turning point, in Germany’s military strategy has not materialized, according to sources who attribute this failure to a lack of urgency, an ineffective procurement system, and financial constraints.

Berlin has not managed to fully equip its troops for a NATO division by the beginning of this year and lacks the necessary air defenses to support them, the sources indicated.

A military source remarked that the goal of establishing a NATO division by 2027 is “far beyond our capabilities.” Opposition lawmaker Ingo Gaedechens, a defense expert on the parliamentary budget committee, noted that the second division is only approximately 20% equipped. “Even if we were to place orders immediately, we would not be able to equip it in time,” Gaedechens stated. Polls indicate that his Christian Democrats (CDU), led by candidate chancellor Friedrich Merz, are expected to form a new government following Germany’s election on February 23.

GERMANY’S MILITARY CHALLENGES

Germany’s military shortcomings are becoming increasingly apparent as President Trump urges European nations to take on a greater share of their defense responsibilities. Additionally, discussions in Washington regarding a potential agreement to end the war in Ukraine could impose further demands on Germany’s military capabilities, particularly if they are required to oversee a ceasefire.

Trump mentioned on Wednesday that he had engaged in talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin about initiating negotiations to conclude the conflict in Ukraine.

All of Germany’s major political parties have committed to maintaining military expenditures at NATO’s stipulated minimum of 2% of GDP. In contrast, former President Trump has advocated for NATO members to increase their spending targets to 5% of GDP, while NATO is contemplating a rise in its military spending goal to approximately 3%.

Germany’s Defence Minister, Boris Pistorius, indicated last month that military spending of around 3% of GDP will be essential for preparing the Bundeswehr for potential conflict. However, he noted that Trump’s proposed 5% target would represent over 40% of Germany’s total government expenditure.

Regardless of the election outcome, the next government will encounter significant challenges post-2027, when the special fund of 100 billion euros (approximately $104 billion) is expected to be depleted. To meet the 2% target thereafter, Germany will require an annual budget of around 30 billion euros.

“There are currently problems everywhere and no solutions,” remarked Gaedechens.

A particularly pressing issue is air defense, which Johann Wadephul, deputy leader of the CDU/CSU conservative faction in parliament overseeing defense matters, emphasized as needing immediate attention.

Defense analysts assert that the ongoing conflict in Ukraine has highlighted the critical roles of drones and artillery—large-caliber weapons operated by crews. The Bundeswehr is currently falling short in both areas. Wadephul stated, “The Bundeswehr has nothing at all in terms of drones. We are essentially empty-handed.”

He advocated for simplified procurement standards and an increase in defense spending to 3% of GDP. Alongside the CDU, he also supports the reintroduction of conscription in Germany, which was halted in 2011.

A representative for Scholz did not directly address the claim that the Zeitenwende initiative had failed but referenced comments made by Scholz in February. At that time, he described the national debate regarding funding for increased defense spending as “somewhat irritating” and urged for an agreement to relax Germany’s stringent debt restrictions to finance these costs.

He noted that Germany was already experiencing a funding shortfall for its requirements, remarking that it was “almost spooky” that there was no conversation about how to finance these needs.

The defense ministry refrained from commenting on the army’s readiness status, citing it as classified information. However, a spokesperson indicated that Germany’s land forces have been “providing a combat-ready division in high availability” to meet NATO mission requirements on its eastern flank since January 1, 2025.

A NATO spokesperson stated that Scholz’s Zeitenwende had significantly impacted Germany’s security and the alliance’s strength. They emphasized that increasing defense spending remains a top priority, although further efforts are necessary.

THE SNOOZE BUTTON

Russian President Vladimir Putin is increasing his military forces to 1.5 million troops, aiming to be prepared for conflicts in two separate regions. Colonel Wuestner noted that Germany is not the only European nation slow to react to Russia’s military actions in Ukraine since 2014, but specifically mentioned that “we Germans hit the snooze button.”

According to a survey conducted by public broadcaster ARD in January, defense ranks third among the most urgent issues for the new government, following immigration and the economy. In 2021, Germany committed to supplying 10 brigades—each consisting of approximately 5,000 troops—to NATO by 2030. Currently, it has eight brigades and is in the process of establishing a ninth in Lithuania, which is expected to be operational by 2027.

This summer, NATO is anticipated to set more stringent targets in response to the worsening security landscape, with Germany likely being asked to contribute at least two additional brigades, as indicated by two experts speaking to Reuters. The German NATO division scheduled to be operational this year is not fully functional; following contributions to Ukraine, it is short of 155mm howitzers, its primary artillery system, and has resorted to using parts from other artillery pieces, according to military and parliamentary sources.

Additionally, around 80 advanced RCH 155 howitzers required for the second division by 2027 have yet to be ordered. Both divisions also require approximately 200 short-range air defense systems, such as Gepard anti-aircraft tanks, to safeguard against drones and aircraft, as reported by two military sources and a parliamentary source.

Germany decommissioned the Gepard in 2012 as a cost-saving measure and is gradually beginning to replace it, with the first delivery of 19 Rheinmetall Skyrangers anticipated in 2027 and 2028. A military source indicated, “We won’t have the air defenses for the division operational before 2029.”

“BLEEDING OUT WITHIN MONTHS”

During the Cold War, Germany allocated between 3% and 4.5% of its GDP to defense, maintaining a force of 500,000 active personnel and 800,000 reserves. However, the Bundeswehr has failed to meet the 2018 target of 203,000 troops and currently faces a shortfall of approximately 20,000 regular soldiers, as reported by the defense ministry.

Since the suspension of conscription in 2011, there has been a pressing need for more reservists. In November, Scholz’s government enacted a law requiring young men to complete a questionnaire regarding their willingness to serve, with the aim of eventually increasing the number of reservists by 200,000. This would allow Germany to rapidly scale its military to around 460,000 troops in the event of conflict—almost double its current capacity.

“Considering the casualty rates we are anticipating, the Bundeswehr will be depleted within months,” stated CDU lawmaker Roderich Kiesewetter, a former colonel in the German military, who refrained from disclosing specific rates. His CDU colleague Wadephul emphasized the necessity for Germany to maintain a combat-ready force of approximately 250,000 active troops and 500,000 reserves.

Recent polling indicates that a coalition between the CDU and the SPD is the most probable outcome of the upcoming elections. Meanwhile, smaller radical parties such as the AfD and BSW may be positioned to create a blocking minority, potentially controlling one-third of the parliamentary seats.

This scenario could hinder the establishment of new special funds aimed at increasing investments in the Bundeswehr. Additionally, the military’s preparedness could be challenged if Trump negotiates a deal regarding Ukraine that requires European nations to contribute troops for a ceasefire.

Joe Weingarten, an SPD lawmaker with a focus on defense issues, raised concerns by asking, “Considering the length of the frontline, how many brigades will we need to supply?” He emphasized that this would add to existing commitments.

EU warns against a harmful agreement on Ukraine after a Trump-Putin call

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

A view shows residential buildings destroyed by Russian military strikes in the frontline town of Orikhiv, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine.

Kyiv and its European partners expressed their demands on Thursday for inclusion in any peace negotiations, following a phone conversation between U.S. President Donald Trump and Russia’s Vladimir Putin. During this call, Trump indicated that Ukraine would not be able to reclaim all of its territory or join NATO.

In response, Russia’s financial markets experienced a significant uptick, and the value of Ukraine’s debt increased, signaling optimism for the first peace discussions since the conflict began nearly four years ago.

However, Trump’s unilateral approach to Putin, which seemed to involve concessions on key Ukrainian issues, raised concerns among Kyiv and NATO’s European allies. They worried that the U.S. might reach an agreement without their involvement. “Any agreement made without our participation is destined to fail, as both Europe and Ukraine are essential for its implementation,” stated EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas. “A hasty solution would be a flawed arrangement.”

Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha emphasized, “Discussions regarding Ukraine cannot occur without Ukraine, nor can matters concerning Europe proceed without Europe.” Trump, who made the first publicly acknowledged call to Putin since the full-scale invasion in February 2022, later reached out to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, expressing his belief that both leaders desired peace.

Nonetheless, the Trump administration publicly acknowledged for the first time that it was unrealistic for Kyiv to anticipate a return to its 2014 borders or NATO membership as part of any agreement, and it confirmed that no U.S. troops would participate in any security force in Ukraine that might be established to ensure a ceasefire.

In 2014, Russia annexed Crimea and its proxies took control of territories in eastern Ukraine, preceding a full-scale invasion in 2022 that resulted in further territorial gains in the east and south. Ukrainian officials have previously acknowledged that immediate full NATO membership might be unattainable and that a potential peace agreement could result in some occupied areas remaining under Russian control. However, Kyiv and its European partners expressed concern over Trump’s initiation of negotiations that appeared to include concessions to Moscow without first establishing a unified stance.

In response, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Syrbiha reaffirmed Kyiv’s commitment to pursuing NATO membership, asserting that this was the most straightforward and cost-effective means for the West to provide the necessary security assurances to deter future Russian aggression. “All our allies have stated that Ukraine’s path to NATO is irreversible. This goal is enshrined in our constitution and aligns with our strategic interests,” he noted.

EU foreign policy chief Kallas emphasized that conceding to Russian demands prior to negotiations would not be a wise strategy. She stated that Europe would continue to back Ukraine if it chose to reject any agreements made between Moscow and Washington without its involvement. “Why are we conceding to Russia’s demands even before negotiations have commenced?” Kallas questioned. “This is appeasement, and history shows it has never been effective.”

The Kremlin expressed its admiration for Trump’s stance, highlighting it in contrast to that of his predecessor, Joe Biden. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov noted, “There is a political will, which was emphasized during yesterday’s conversation, to engage in dialogue aimed at finding a resolution.” He added, “The previous U.S. administration believed that all efforts should focus on prolonging the conflict.

In contrast, the current administration appears to support the idea that all measures should be taken to end the war and establish peace.” When questioned about European calls for inclusion in Ukraine peace negotiations, Peskov remarked, “Regarding Europe’s involvement, there is currently no clarity on the format of a potential negotiation process, making it too early to discuss.”

Germany’s Helsing is set to supply Ukraine with 6,000 HX-2 strike drones

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Helsing, the German defense technology firm, has announced plans to produce 6,000 HX-2 strike drones for delivery to Ukraine. This new order follows a previous commitment to supply 4,000 HF-1 strike drones, which are currently being delivered in collaboration with the Ukrainian defense industry.

Introduced in late 2024, the HX-2 is an electrically powered X-wing precision munition with a range of up to 100 kilometers. It is equipped with sophisticated onboard artificial intelligence that provides robust resistance to electronic warfare tactics. When paired with Helsing’s Altra reconnaissance-strike software, multiple HX-2 drones can function as a coordinated swarm, all managed by a single operator. The design of the HX-2 allows for mass production at a significantly reduced unit cost compared to traditional weaponry, addressing the increasing demand for precision-strike capabilities in contemporary land warfare.

In a related initiative, Helsing has completed its first Resilience Factory in Southern Germany. These facilities aim to equip nation-states with localized and sovereign drone manufacturing capabilities, ensuring continuous production during times of conflict. Helsing intends to set up several Resilience Factories throughout Europe, each with the potential to scale production to tens of thousands of units as required.

The inaugural operational Resilience Factory (RF-1) in Southern Germany boasts an initial monthly production capacity exceeding 1,000 HX-2 drones. The company anticipates that this capability will significantly bolster Ukraine’s operational effectiveness on the battlefield, especially in countering Russia’s numerical superiority in conventional military resources.

Gundbert Scherf, co-founder of Helsing, underscored the critical need to increase production in light of Ukraine’s changing defense requirements. “We are ramping up the production of HX-2 due to new orders from Ukraine, where precision mass is effectively countering the numerical limitations of older systems on a daily basis. It is evident that NATO must quickly learn significant lessons. Through our Resilience Factories, we are adopting a decentralized approach to mass manufacturing these systems throughout Europe, enabling individual nations to produce locally and maintain sovereignty over their production and supply chains.”

Niklas Köhler, another co-founder of Helsing, pointed out the innovative nature of the company’s manufacturing strategy. “We have brought together Europe’s top manufacturing experts to completely reimagine and create a new generation of mass-producible solutions. Our Resilience Factories integrate software-first design with scalable manufacturing methods. We tackle the complex challenges at the software level rather than the electronics. This approach yields affordable precision mass, deters potential threats, and safeguards our democracies. HX-2 is merely the first in a series of products built on this foundation.”

Helsing’s initiative is in line with ongoing efforts to bolster Ukraine’s defense capabilities, as European nations increasingly back advancements in drone warfare. The HX-2, engineered for quick deployment and versatility, signifies a new era in unmanned aerial combat, with its mass production potential likely to transform modern battlefield strategies.

India takes steps to localize French smart munitions

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a Navratna Defence Public Sector Undertaking, has entered into a strategic alliance with French defense technology company Safran Electronics & Defense. This partnership, announced on February 11, aims to create a joint venture focused on the production, customization, sales, and maintenance of HAMMER (Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range) Smart Precision Guided Air-to-Ground Weapons in India.

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was executed by K.V. Suresh Kumar, Director (Marketing) at BEL, and Alexandre Ziegler, Executive Vice President of Safran Electronics & Defense, with notable attendees including Manoj Jain, Chairman and Managing Director of BEL, and Franck Saudo, CEO of Safran Electronics & Defense. Senior leaders from both organizations were present at the signing event.

This joint venture is anticipated to enhance India’s domestic defense manufacturing capabilities, supporting the government’s Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) initiative by decreasing reliance on imports. BEL Chairman Manoj Jain stated that this collaboration will enable the localization of HAMMER production, promote the development of advanced variants, and open new avenues for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within India’s defense industry.

The joint venture proposed between BEL and Safran Electronics & Defense represents a significant advancement in enhancing India’s defense manufacturing capabilities and achieving self-sufficiency in sophisticated weapon systems. This initiative will facilitate the localization of HAMMER production, promote the development of future variants, and align with the Government of India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative by decreasing reliance on imports. The partnership will enable technology transfer, create opportunities for Indian industries, particularly small and medium enterprises, and position India as a global leader in smart ammunition production, according to Jain.

Technology Transfer and Center of Excellence

Under the terms of the agreement, BEL and Safran intend to establish a Center of Excellence aimed at bolstering India’s defense capabilities. This center will spearhead collaborative industrial efforts in manufacturing, engineering, and operational maintenance, including the repair and overhaul of optronics and navigation systems for the Indian armed forces.

“This partnership with BEL is a pivotal moment for Safran Electronics & Defense. By establishing this center of excellence that merges Safran’s expertise with BEL’s strengths in smart precision-guided munitions, we are contributing to the Government’s Make in India initiative while enhancing India’s sovereign defense capabilities and reinforcing Safran’s industrial footprint in the country,” stated Safran CEO Franck Saudo.

Safran will gradually transfer essential technologies to India, with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) responsible for the final assembly, testing, and quality assurance of the HAMMER missile system. This production facility is anticipated to become a vital center for advanced smart munitions, further enhancing India’s status as a prominent manufacturer in the global defense industry.

The HAMMER missile is a combat-tested, precision-guided munition recognized for its exceptional accuracy and modular design, allowing it to be deployed across various platforms, including the Rafale and the LCA Tejas. The system features sophisticated targeting capabilities, ensuring effective engagement of enemy targets while minimizing collateral damage.

Chinese J-16s are currently conducting operations far into the South China Sea

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Recent images of the Chinese J-16 fighter jet highlight China’s aspirations for supremacy in the South China Sea. While such images might typically lack intrigue, given that the J-16 is already familiar to Beijing’s adversaries, its deployment on the Xisha island chain signifies more than mere symbolism; it reflects a deliberate military strategy rooted in China’s ambitions.

The recent stationing of Chinese J-16 fighter jets on the Xisha (Paracel) island chain represents a notable escalation in the ongoing military buildup in the South China Sea. This move emphasizes Beijing’s determination to enhance its foothold in the region, simultaneously raising alarms among neighboring nations and the United States.

The presence of these sophisticated multirole aircraft on a distant island base indicates a strategic transformation with significant geopolitical and military ramifications.

China has consistently regarded the South China Sea as a vital interest, backing its claims with historical narratives that encompass extensive areas of the region. However, these claims frequently conflict with those of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan.

Over the past decade, the militarization of both artificial and natural islands in the area has advanced steadily, converting disputed reefs and atolls into operational military bases. The deployment of J-16s to the Paracels exemplifies this strategy, enhancing China’s capacity to project its influence well beyond its mainland.

The Shenyang J-16 is an advanced multirole fighter derived from the Russian Su-30MKK design. It features state-of-the-art avionics, sophisticated radar systems, and the ability to carry a variety of long-range air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles, thereby significantly bolstering China’s air superiority in the area.

The deployment of these aircraft indicates that China is not only strengthening its defensive capabilities but also positioning itself to assert greater control over vital airspace and maritime routes essential for global commerce.

Furthermore, this move reflects China’s ambition to implement the strategy of “unsinkable carriers.” By utilizing island outposts as forward operating bases, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) can sustain air power in contested regions without relying on traditional aircraft carriers.

This strategy poses a challenge to the United States and its allies, who depend on naval power to ensure freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. It also complicates potential military responses from regional players, as a network of land-based airfields enables continuous operations independent of vulnerable naval assets.

The strategic ramifications of this development are complex. For the United States, the forward positioning of J-16s adds a new layer of difficulty to current deterrence strategies. While the U.S. Navy and Air Force regularly conduct freedom of navigation operations (FONOPs) to contest Beijing’s maritime assertions, the increasing presence of advanced fighter aircraft in the region heightens the risk of aerial confrontations and escalation.

China’s capacity to sustain a military presence in the South China Sea significantly bolsters its ability to enforce air defense identification zones (ADIZ), thereby limiting the operational flexibility of U.S. and allied forces.

For neighboring countries, this military deployment poses a direct challenge to their sovereignty and security concerns. Vietnam, which has historically disputed China’s claims over the Paracel Islands, perceives this military escalation as a significant threat.

The Philippines, involved in its own territorial disputes regarding the Spratly Islands, may view this as an indication of potential increased Chinese military operations in the area. Moreover, Japan, while not a claimant in the South China Sea, is likely to enhance its surveillance and security collaboration with the U.S. and regional allies in response to China’s assertive posture.

From a wider geopolitical standpoint, this situation aligns with China’s overarching goal of transforming the Indo-Pacific security environment. Beijing’s actions are consistent with its strategy to establish regional dominance by constructing a security framework that reduces the influence of external powers, especially the United States.

The deployment of the J-16 not only acts as a deterrent to possible adversaries but also conveys China’s readiness to defend its territorial claims using advanced military capabilities.

Beijing has consistently characterized its military operations in the South China Sea as defensive, despite recent escalations. Chinese officials maintain that the deployment of fighter jets and other military resources is essential for safeguarding national sovereignty and ensuring regional stability.

This viewpoint, however, is not widely accepted by the international community, especially as China’s military presence in contested areas continues to grow. The militarization of islands contradicts earlier commitments made by China to avoid such actions, resulting in heightened skepticism and diplomatic tensions.

The implications of this military buildup are considerable. The increased militarization in the region heightens the risk of miscalculations and unintentional confrontations between military forces. With U.S. and allied forces frequently operating near Chinese assets, the potential for a confrontation to escalate into a larger conflict remains a serious concern.

Moreover, this development may encourage neighboring nations to expedite their military modernization initiatives, potentially triggering an arms race in an already unstable region.

Ultimately, the deployment of J-16s to the Paracels marks a significant shift in the security landscape of the South China Sea. By bolstering its military presence in disputed territories, China is demonstrating its determination to assert its claims while simultaneously challenging the strategic calculations of both regional and global adversaries.

As tensions escalate, this recent action highlights the increasing significance of the South China Sea as a critical flashpoint in the ongoing struggle for geopolitical influence in the Indo-Pacific.

Russian Soobrazitelny corvette is conducting anti-submarine operations in the Baltic Sea

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

As tensions persist in the Baltic region, the Russian navy has once again showcased its military prowess. The latest demonstration comes from the Russian corvette Soobrazitelny, which has recently completed a series of training exercises centered on anti-submarine warfare and artillery operations in the strategically important waters of the Baltic Sea.

During these exercises, the crew of the corvette conducted intricate anti-submarine drills aimed at detecting, tracking, and neutralizing a simulated enemy submarine, utilizing the ship’s sophisticated anti-submarine weaponry. These operations took place within the Baltic Fleet’s specialized training areas, where Soobrazitelny displayed its readiness to operate in a challenging environment.

A significant aspect of the training involved the use of the ship’s onboard hydroacoustic systems to identify and monitor underwater targets. After successfully locating the simulated enemy submarine, the crew effectively “neutralized” the target with torpedoes, refining their tactical responses to potential underwater threats.

In parallel, Soobrazitelny engaged in air defense exercises aimed at addressing aerial threats. During this segment, the crew reacted to a simulated airstrike, employing established protocols to coordinate anti-air defense measures.

While no live ammunition was utilized, the drills emphasized the importance of communication, coordination, and command control procedures to protect against aerial attacks, reflecting scenarios where Russian vessels might encounter threats from NATO aircraft or other opponents.

The simulated airstrike was executed by helicopters from the naval aviation unit of the Baltic Fleet, highlighting the joint operational aspect of the exercise. The intricate nature of these drills emphasizes the necessity for integrated defense capabilities, as the crew navigates multiple threats and collaborates through various communication channels to ensure a robust defense.

These exercises not only enhance the operational proficiency of the Soobrazitelny and its crew but also convey a strong message regarding Russia’s persistent military presence and preparedness in the Baltic region.

In an area that continues to be a hotspot for geopolitical tensions, this display of military strength reinforces Russia’s capacity to safeguard its interests against external challenges.

The drills are part of a larger initiative aimed at advancing the operational capabilities of the Russian Navy under the K-2 task course framework, which seeks to maintain the readiness of naval forces for diverse combat scenarios.

As NATO enhances its own forces in the region, Russia’s escalating military activities in the Baltic are expected to remain a key point of strategic focus for both parties.

The Soobrazitelny is a contemporary Russian corvette designed for multi-role operations, featuring a flexible design that enables it to undertake a variety of missions, including anti-submarine warfare (ASW), surface combat, air defense, and electronic warfare. Commissioned in 2014, it serves as the lead ship of the Soobrazitelny-class (Project 20380), marking a significant advancement in the Russian Navy’s corvette fleet.

One of the notable attributes of the Soobrazitelny is its sophisticated weaponry, engineered to address threats from both surface and underwater targets. The primary armament features the Uran anti-ship missile system, which is capable of launching P-800 Oniks supersonic cruise missiles.

These missiles are exceptionally effective against surface vessels and can achieve speeds of up to Mach 2.5. The Uran system is tailored for precise long-range strikes, establishing the Soobrazitelny as a formidable contender in naval engagements.

Beyond its anti-ship functions, the Soobrazitelny is outfitted with a comprehensive suite of anti-submarine warfare systems. The corvette is equipped with an RPK-8 launch system that deploys anti-submarine torpedoes.

This capability is enhanced by the ship’s integrated sonar suite, which includes the MGK-335 hydroacoustic complex, facilitating superior underwater detection and tracking of adversary submarines. Consequently, the Soobrazitelny excels in ASW operations, proficiently locating, tracking, and neutralizing submarines with high accuracy.

Additionally, the Soobrazitelny boasts a strong air defense system, attributed to its Redut vertical launch system (VLS). This system is capable of launching a variety of surface-to-air missiles, such as the 9M100 and 9M96, designed to intercept incoming aircraft, missiles, and drones.

The Redut VLS offers significant flexibility, enabling the Soobrazitelny to respond effectively to a wide range of aerial threats, thereby serving as a vital asset for safeguarding both the vessel and adjacent allied forces.

The Soobrazitelny is equipped for close-range defense with an AK-176M 76.2mm naval gun, capable of targeting both surface and aerial threats. This rapid-firing artillery can effectively engage a variety of targets, including incoming missiles and small vessels, thereby enhancing the ship’s point defense capabilities. Furthermore, the corvette is armed with P-120 Malakhit anti-ship missiles, which work in conjunction with the Uran system to establish a robust offensive strategy.

The vessel’s electronic warfare systems are cutting-edge, featuring the PK-10 decoy launching system alongside advanced radar jamming technologies aimed at disrupting enemy tracking and targeting. This capability significantly enhances the Soobrazitelny’s effectiveness in avoiding enemy missile systems, providing crucial protection during high-stakes operations.

For radar and surveillance, the Soobrazitelny utilizes the Furke-4 radar system, which offers long-range surface search capabilities, enabling the detection and tracking of surface vessels under various weather conditions. Additionally, the Zaslon radar system enhances aerial search capabilities, allowing the crew to identify and engage hostile aircraft or missiles at considerable distances.

The Soobrazitelny operates on a combined diesel and gas (CODAG) propulsion system, achieving a maximum speed of 27 knots and a range of approximately 4,000 nautical miles. This propulsion system is supported by a high level of automation, enabling the crew to manage the ship with a relatively small team of around 100 personnel, thus maintaining operational efficiency during prolonged missions.

The Soobrazitelny has been engineered for operational versatility, allowing it to support a helicopter, typically a Ka-27 or Ka-31, which enhances its surveillance and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities. This helicopter can be utilized for various missions, including reconnaissance, anti-submarine operations, and search-and-rescue, thereby providing significant operational flexibility.

The ship’s design prioritizes survivability, incorporating sophisticated damage control systems, redundant power sources, and reinforced hull sections to safeguard critical areas. It is built to endure contemporary anti-ship missile threats and other combat situations, ensuring that the Soobrazitelny remains effective in challenging environments.

With its integration of advanced sensors, robust weaponry, and adaptable operational functions, the Soobrazitelny exemplifies modern Russian corvette design.

Its capacity to perform a wide range of missions, from surface engagements to air defense and anti-submarine warfare, positions it as an essential element of the Russian Navy’s strategy for asserting dominance in vital maritime areas.

The Soobrazitelny represents Russia’s dedication to bolstering its naval capabilities, particularly in regions such as the Baltic Sea, where its deployment acts as both a military resource and a demonstration of strategic intent.

Upgraded Soviet T-72 tanks from the Netherlands are now in the possession of Ukraine

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

The Dutch Ministry of Defense has announced that it has completed the delivery of upgraded T-72 tanks to Ukraine, fulfilling its commitment. In a recent statement, the ministry confirmed, “The Netherlands has now delivered the last battle tanks it pledged to Ukraine.”

This initiative was a collaborative effort between the Dutch government and the administration of former U.S. President Joseph Biden, which jointly financed the acquisition, refurbishment, and modernization of T-72M/M1 tanks obtained from Czech reserves.

The refurbishment was executed by Excalibur Armor, a Czech defense contractor recognized for its proficiency in modernizing Soviet-era armored vehicles to meet contemporary combat requirements.

Throughout the refurbishment, the T-72 tanks underwent substantial enhancements to improve their battlefield performance. They were equipped with advanced dynamic armor for better protection, a Czech-developed communication system from MESIT, and a new digital control interface.

Moreover, their night vision systems were upgraded to improve effectiveness in low-light conditions, and the tanks received a more powerful engine, increasing their output to 840 horsepower.

The Dutch government’s intention to supply these upgraded tanks was first revealed in early 2023. By April of that year, an official military aid list for Ukraine included 45 T-72 tanks, as part of a larger initiative to assist Ukrainian forces in their ongoing conflict with Russia. The delivery process, which took nearly two years, is reported to have concluded in early 2025.

The battlefield remains harsh despite the recent reinforcements. Reports indicate that the Russian military has successfully targeted and destroyed several modernized T-72EA tanks across different combat zones, highlighting the intense nature of the ongoing conflict.

Nonetheless, the introduction of these upgraded tanks enhances the firepower and survivability of Ukrainian forces, bolstering their ability to withstand Russian offensives and launch counterattacks when feasible.

This transfer of tanks represents a significant addition to Ukraine’s military capabilities, reflecting the ongoing support from Western allies in their war efforts. As military assistance continues to arrive from European and NATO partners, the strategic implications of these reinforcements are crucial in the shifting dynamics of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia.

Since the beginning of the Russian invasion in February 2022, the Netherlands has played a pivotal role as a key international ally, providing extensive military support to aid Ukraine in its defense against aggression.

The Dutch commitment to Ukraine has been comprehensive, encompassing not only the provision of military equipment but also training, logistical assistance, and the establishment of strategic partnerships.

From the outset, the Netherlands has clearly articulated its position, with Prime Minister Mark Rutte underscoring the significance of a free and independent Ukraine. The Dutch have been vital in delivering both lethal and non-lethal military support, supplying a variety of equipment tailored to meet Ukraine’s urgent battlefield requirements.

The total amount of military assistance from the Netherlands since the onset of the conflict is substantial, with commitments totaling billions of euros. This aid encompasses direct contributions from Dutch military reserves, commercial acquisitions, and collaborative initiatives with allied nations.

The Netherlands has supplied Ukraine with a range of military equipment, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, anti-aircraft defenses, and, most notably, F-16 fighter jets. A commitment has been made to transfer 42 F-16A/B aircraft to Ukraine, with several of these jets already in use for training Ukrainian pilots.

Beyond hardware, the Netherlands has prioritized the enhancement of Ukraine’s air defense systems, which are essential for countering Russian airstrikes targeting civilian and critical infrastructure. This support has included the provision of Patriot missile systems, which have played a crucial role in intercepting enemy missiles. Additionally, the Netherlands has bolstered Ukraine’s artillery capabilities by supplying PzH 2000 howitzers, thereby increasing Ukraine’s artillery effectiveness.

Tanks and armored personnel carriers represent another key component of Dutch military support. In collaboration with countries such as Germany and Denmark, the Netherlands has committed to delivering Leopard 1 and 2 tanks, along with other armored vehicles like the YPR-765, which have been instrumental in ground operations.

The Netherlands has been actively involved in training Ukrainian military personnel by dispatching instructors to the UK and participating in EU training missions. This training program includes not only combat techniques but also logistics, medical assistance, and demining operations, reflecting a comprehensive strategy for enhancing military capabilities.

The financial aspect of this support is significant as well. The Dutch government has committed considerable resources, with pledges extending through 2025, ensuring ongoing assistance. This financial support not only addresses the procurement of military equipment but also bolsters the overall Ukrainian defense budget, facilitating the upkeep and operational expenses of the supplied assets.

In addition to direct military support, the Netherlands has engaged in wider European initiatives to assist Ukraine, participating in efforts such as the Ukraine Defense Contact Group and contributing to NATO’s extensive support packages for Ukraine. This collaborative strategy highlights the Dutch dedication to collective security in Europe.

The T-72 tank is among the most widely manufactured and utilized main battle tanks globally, having been in service with various nations since its launch in the early 1970s.

Originally developed by the Soviet Union as a more efficient and simplified alternative to the T-64, the T-72 has become a fundamental component of Warsaw Pact armored units and has undergone significant modernization over the years.

The initial T-72 tank was equipped with a 125mm smoothbore cannon and an autoloader, which allowed for a reduced crew size of three members. It was driven by a V-46 diesel engine that generated 780 horsepower, enabling a maximum speed of around 60 km/h. Its armor protection was based on a mix of cast steel and composite materials, with later iterations adding explosive reactive armor (ERA) to enhance defense against contemporary anti-tank threats.

A variety of T-72 variants have been created to meet evolving battlefield needs. The T-72A, launched in the late 1970s, boasted upgraded armor and a laser rangefinder for improved targeting accuracy.

The T-72B, introduced in the mid-1980s, featured a more sophisticated fire control system, the capability to fire anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) from its main gun, and enhanced armor protection. The T-72B1 was a more economical version that omitted the missile capability while retaining most of the other enhancements.

In the 2010s, the T-72B3 was released, offering significant advancements in the tank’s performance, including a modern fire control system, thermal imaging sights, a more powerful engine, and advanced reactive armor. The T-72B3M further improved upon this with the addition of a new Relikt ERA package, an upgraded main gun stabilizer, and further protective enhancements. These variants have been widely utilized by Russia, especially in recent conflicts.

The T-72 family has also been expanded through export and licensed production versions. The Polish PT-91 Twardy introduced local fire control enhancements and composite armor. The Czech T-72M and T-72M1 served as simplified export models, while India’s T-72 Ajeya included domestic modifications. Iraq’s Asad Babil was a locally produced variant that featured downgraded components compared to the Soviet-built versions.

Numerous upgrade packages have been created by various countries and companies to maintain the T-72’s relevance in contemporary combat scenarios. Notable examples include the Slovakian T-72M2 Moderna, which incorporates Western-style fire control and protection systems, and the Ukrainian T-72AMT, equipped with advanced digital communications, enhanced explosive reactive armor (ERA), and thermal imaging optics. Furthermore, modernization initiatives like the T-72EA aim to improve the tank’s night combat capabilities and overall operational effectiveness.

Despite its age, the T-72 continues to be a significant asset on the battlefield, thanks to ongoing modernization efforts and its widespread availability. It has participated in numerous conflicts, ranging from the Iran-Iraq War to the current war in Ukraine, where various T-72 models have been utilized with differing levels of success. Although newer tank models provide better protection and firepower, the T-72’s versatility ensures its enduring role within global armored forces.

U.S. canceled the F-35 demo at Aero India over concerns of a confrontation with Russia’s Su-57

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Russia’s advanced fifth-generation fighter, the Sukhoi Su-57 Felon, made a striking impression at Aero India 2025 in Bengaluru, a development that reportedly unsettled the United States, prompting an unexpected withdrawal.

In a surprising turn of events, the U.S. abruptly canceled its plans for aerial demonstrations of the F-35 Lightning II and F-16 fighters, relegating them to static displays. The Su-57 Felon seized this opportunity, showcasing its remarkable power, agility, and state-of-the-art technology, clearly asserting its dominance in the skies.

Denis Alipov, Russia’s Ambassador to India, allegedly remarked that the U.S. decision to withdraw its F-35 and F-16 demonstrations at Aero India “indicates that its competitor (F-35) is not prepared to engage in fair competition.” The sudden cancellation of the U.S. fighter aircraft displays has sparked intense speculation, with many suggesting it was a strategic decision to avoid an inevitable and disadvantageous confrontation with the Russian Su-57.

Renowned for its exceptional flight capabilities, particularly in low-speed maneuvers, the Su-57 was set to capture the audience’s attention, overshadowing its American rivals in a display of aerial prowess.

Indian media previously reported that the primary reason for the absence of the U.S. F-35 in the aerial demonstrations was a “shortage” of demonstration pilots. While defense experts commend the F-35’s advanced avionics as significantly superior to those of the Su-57, its actual flight performance has often been viewed as lacking for a fifth-generation fighter. In contrast, the Russian Su-57 is recognized as the leading authority in low-speed maneuverability, establishing a new standard for aerial agility.

Equipped with cutting-edge three-dimensional thrust vectoring engines, the Su-57 performs remarkable maneuvers that few, if any, competitors can rival. In contrast to the F-35’s engines, the Su-57’s AL-41F1 engines are said to maintain supersonic speeds without the need for afterburners. Starting this year, Russia plans to upgrade the AL-41F1 engines in its Su-57 production variants to the more powerful and easier-to-maintain AL-51F.

The aerial capabilities of the Su-57 could place the F-35 and F-16 at a disadvantage, potentially bolstering public support in India for New Delhi’s decision to procure the Su-57.

While the Su-57 excels in aerial demonstrations, the F-35 boasts significant advantages through its advanced avionics systems, which include sophisticated data links, passive electronic sensors, radar, and other state-of-the-art technologies. Although the advanced avionics of the U.S. fifth-generation F-35 provide a considerable edge to its pilots, these features are not easily demonstrated in flight displays.

Recently, two U.S.-made fifth-generation fighters, the F-35 Lightning II, arrived at the Indian Air Force Base in Yehalanka, Bengaluru, to participate alongside Russia’s Su-57 Felon at Aero India 2025. This event marked a unique occasion at Yehalanka Air Base, where both U.S. and Russian fifth-generation fighter jets were positioned mere meters apart. This is the first time the Su-57 has appeared at Aero India, while the F-35 had previously taken part in the biennial air show in 2023.

International defense analysts indicate that this marks the first occasion where the F-35 Lightning II and the Su-57 Felon are simultaneously present in the same airspace.

The co-presence of both Russian and U.S. fifth-generation fighters at this year’s Aero India is particularly noteworthy, as both nations are vying for India’s favor in selecting their respective aircraft.

The Indian Air Force is in urgent need of fifth-generation fighter jets to maintain its competitive edge against traditional rivals. Pakistan is poised to acquire China’s fifth-generation J-35A fighter, while China has been operating the J-20 Mighty Dragon for several years and is expected to enhance its fleet with the J-35A.

To effectively address the challenges posed by Pakistan and China—both of which are either in the process of acquiring or have already deployed fifth-generation fighters—India cannot depend solely on its fourth-generation++ aircraft, such as the French Rafale and the Russian Sukhoi Su-30MKI. New Delhi requires fifth-generation fighter jets to effectively counter the evolving threats from its neighboring adversaries.

Russia has already proposed a joint production agreement for the Su-57 Felon and has suggested collaboration on India’s own fifth-generation fighter initiative, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA).

Kremlin has expressed admiration for Trump’s stance on resolving the conflict in Ukraine

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

The Kremlin expressed its admiration on Thursday for U.S. President Donald Trump‘s stance regarding the resolution of the conflict in Ukraine, indicating that preparations are underway for a meeting between Trump and Putin. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov noted that there is a shared political will from both Russia and the United States to seek a resolution and bring an end to the three-year conflict.

Following a phone conversation lasting over an hour on Wednesday, Trump remarked that NATO membership for Ukraine is not a practical option, despite Kyiv’s aspirations for such a guarantee of its security.

When questioned about Trump’s suggestion that a meeting with Putin might occur in Saudi Arabia, Peskov stated that the specifics of the meeting are still being finalized. He refrained from commenting on which leader initiated the phone call.

Regarding Putin’s invitation for Trump to visit Moscow, Peskov mentioned that there has been a mutual exchange of invitations, but emphasized that the upcoming bilateral meeting represents a separate initiative.

Peskov highlighted the political will expressed during the recent conversation, stating, “There is a commitment to engage in dialogue aimed at finding a resolution.” He added, “There is consensus that a peaceful negotiated settlement is achievable.” He contrasted the current U.S. administration’s approach with that of the previous one, noting, “The former administration believed in prolonging the conflict, while the current administration appears committed to ending the war and fostering peace.”

The stance of the current administration has garnered our admiration, and we remain receptive to discussions. When inquired about the participation of European nations in peace negotiations, Peskov indicated that it is too early to determine the format.

Trump expresses support for Ukraine; however, his initial concessions to Russia raise concerns

asifshahid73@gmail.com

February 13, 2025

U.S. President Donald Trump speaks, on the day of Tulsi Gabbard's swearing in ceremony as Director of National Intelligence, in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, D.C.

U.S. President Donald Trump has pledged to bring a quick resolution to the conflict in Ukraine. However, as negotiations are set to commence, the author of “The Art of the Deal” may have inadvertently complicated his position by diminishing his negotiating power.

On January 20, Trump, who assumed the presidency, engaged in separate discussions regarding the war with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy. He instructed U.S. officials to initiate talks aimed at concluding the nearly three-year conflict.

These conversations followed remarks from Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, who informed Ukraine’s military allies in Brussels that restoring Ukraine’s borders to their pre-2014 state—prior to Russia’s annexation of Crimea—was not feasible. He also indicated that NATO membership for Ukraine was not part of the solution and confirmed that U.S. troops would not participate in any security arrangements in Ukraine.

Michael McFaul, who served as the U.S. ambassador to Russia during President Barack Obama’s term from 2012 to 2014, expressed skepticism about the Trump administration’s approach to Russia and Ukraine in light of the upcoming negotiations.

“Why is the Trump administration offering concessions to Putin—Ukrainian territory and the exclusion of NATO membership for Ukraine—before talks even start?” McFaul questioned on the social media platform X. “In my experience negotiating with the Russians, you should never concede anything without receiving something in return.”

Currently, Russia controls approximately 20% of Ukraine and has insisted that Kyiv relinquish territory and adopt a stance of permanent neutrality as part of any peace agreement. Conversely, Ukraine demands the withdrawal of Russian forces from occupied areas and seeks NATO membership or equivalent security assurances to deter future aggression from Moscow.

Putin has consistently stated that Russia is willing to engage in discussions to resolve the conflict, yet he maintains that Moscow will fulfill its objectives in Ukraine, which include the country’s “demilitarization” and ensuring its neutrality.

Officials from the Trump administration had indicated for some time that they would not endorse all of Ukraine’s aspirations, but comments made by Hegseth and Trump have startled European partners.

Former Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis expressed concern on X, stating, “No NATO membership, no boots on the ground? Sounds like abandoning Ukraine,” in reaction to Hegseth’s statements, which come just before the Munich Security Conference where political and military leaders will convene later this week.

“Delegates are heading to Munich not to negotiate, but to inform Zelenskiy of the unfortunate news.”

When asked later on Wednesday if Hegseth’s comments had diminished U.S. leverage, Trump responded to reporters, “I’m backing Ukraine.”

‘ACCEPTANCE OF REALITY’

Stephen Wertheim, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment, characterized Hegseth’s remarks as an “acceptance of reality.” He clarified that Hegseth’s statement does not suggest any U.S. intent to recognize occupied Ukrainian territories as legally Russian, and noted that excluding NATO membership “indicates to Russia that a feasible settlement might be possible.”

Since the onset of the war in February 2022, President Joe Biden and European allies have remained steadfast in their demand for Russia’s withdrawal while keeping the door open for potential NATO membership. The U.S. and Europe have provided Ukraine with tens of billions of dollars in military assistance.

Russia has faced diplomatic isolation within the United Nations, where a significant majority of the 193-member General Assembly has consistently voted to condemn Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine and call for the withdrawal of its troops. On Wednesday, the Kremlin announced that Putin and Trump had agreed to meet, with Putin extending an invitation for Trump to visit Moscow. Such a visit would represent a significant advantage for the Russian president, who is currently subject to an arrest warrant from the International Criminal Court due to his actions in Ukraine.

Brett Bruen, a former foreign policy adviser during the Obama administration, compared Trump’s willingness to meet with Putin to the high-profile summits he held with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un during his first term, aimed at addressing North Korea’s nuclear ambitions. Despite these efforts, Kim continued to advance his nuclear weapons program. Bruen emphasized that such meetings should yield concessions, stating that the Kremlin should not only release more American detainees but also relinquish territory in Ukraine.

MINIRALS AGREEMENT AS SECURITY SHIELD

In conjunction with Trump’s statements and Hegseth’s comments, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent visited Kyiv, where he indicated that a minerals agreement between Kyiv and Washington could serve as a “security shield” for Ukraine in the post-war context.

President Zelenskiy expressed his willingness to negotiate a deal that would allow U.S. investment in Ukraine’s mineral resources. On Wednesday, Trump suggested that a minerals deal could secure U.S. financial support for Ukraine, stating, “I told Biden, I said: ‘You ought to be asking for either a loan or some kind of a security, like their oil and gas or something for the money’.”

John Herbst, who served as the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine from 2003 to 2006 during President George W. Bush’s administration, remarked that the U.S. has lost some of its leverage with Russia, but he viewed Bessent’s visit to Kyiv as a positive development.

“Trump is suggesting a trade of American weapons for Ukrainian minerals. This aligns with Trump’s rationale for supplying arms to Ukraine,” Herbst stated. “This is significant and very encouraging.”

However, he cautioned that a swift agreement on imbalanced terms could set a troubling precedent.

British lawmaker and former foreign secretary James Cleverly commented that initiating negotiations by outlining concessions from one side is “not a strong move.”

“Creating the impression that aggression yields rewards is not a wise strategy. Other regimes are observing closely. We must convey that violence and aggression do not prevail. I stand with Ukraine,” he expressed on X.

India anticipates finalizing a $200 million missile agreement with the Philippines within this year, according to sources

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

India is poised to finalize a deal to supply short-range missiles to the Philippines this year, with the contract valued at over $200 million, according to Indian sources cited by Reuters. This marks New Delhi’s second significant defense export agreement with Manila amid escalating tensions with China.

The Philippines has expressed interest in the Akash missile system, developed by India’s defense research organization, and has indicated plans to place an order in the upcoming fiscal year starting in April, as reported by three anonymous sources due to the sensitive nature of the discussions.

The surface-to-air missile system, which has a range of up to 25 kilometers (16 miles), was previously sold to Armenia in a $230 million transaction last year. Sources suggest that the deal with the Philippines is anticipated to exceed the value of the Armenian contract, although they did not disclose the quantity of missiles or the associated systems, such as radars.

Bharat Dynamics Ltd, the manufacturer of the missiles, participated in last year’s Asian Defense and Security Exhibition held in Manila. Neither the company nor India’s defense ministry provided immediate comments on the matter. A spokesperson for the Philippine defense department, Arsenio Andolong, refrained from discussing specific details regarding the deal or procurement plans but acknowledged that the armed forces have indicated a need for such capabilities.

The anticipated agreement would follow India’s $375 million sale of the mid-range BrahMos supersonic cruise missile to the Philippines in 2022. This acquisition occurs as Manila seeks to enhance its military capabilities amid rising tensions with Beijing over competing claims in the heavily trafficked South China Sea, where confrontations have occurred in recent years.

While India is recognized as the largest arms importer globally, it is increasing its domestic production and expanding defense exports to mitigate China’s military influence in the region, particularly after border clashes in the Himalayas in 2020.

On Wednesday, the chief of the Philippines’ armed forces indicated that the nation aims to procure additional military equipment to modernize its defense inventory, which includes more BrahMos missiles from India and plans for at least two submarines. General Romeo Brawner stated, “We are acquiring more of this (BrahMos system) this year and in the years to come,” although he did not reference the Akash missile system.

Greece Raises Concerns: Turkey Allegedly Reverse Engineering METEOR Missile for GÖKHAN System

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jet with “METEOR” long range air-to-air missile

Greek defense sources have raised new concerns by claiming that Turkey is preparing to leverage its upcoming acquisition of the long-range METEOR air-to-air missile as a model to covertly develop its own indigenous GÖKHAN missile, which could significantly alter the aerial combat landscape in the region. Reports from the Greek newspaper Kathimerini indicate that Turkey’s defense sector plans to engage in reverse engineering of the METEOR missile, examining its structural and operational characteristics to facilitate the creation of the domestically produced GÖKHAN.

Currently in various testing stages, the GÖKHAN missile is referred to as Turkey’s equivalent to the METEOR. It is specifically engineered for compatibility with Turkey’s fifth-generation KAAN stealth fighter jet, enhancing the aircraft’s air superiority capabilities. Greece has claimed that the GÖKHAN’s design closely resembles that of the METEOR missile. However, Turkey’s long-range air-to-air missile is characterized by smaller fins, suggesting it has been optimized for internal weapon bays, a typical feature of fifth-generation fighter jets.

In the coming months, Türkiye is anticipated to conduct live tests of the ramjet-powered GÖKHAN air-to-air missile, representing a crucial step forward in its defense technology development. With a kinetic range surpassing 200 km and a “no escape” zone of 100 km, as reported by the Turkish Defense Research Agency (TÜBİTAK-SAGE), the GÖKHAN has been under development since 2021 as an active radar-guided missile system.

It is designed to give the KAAN fighter a tactical edge, positioning Türkiye among the elite air combat forces globally. The GÖKHAN missile features a ramjet propulsion system that offers a greater effective range than traditional solid-fuel rocket engines, allowing for thrust adjustments during flight—something conventional rocket-powered missiles cannot do. This missile will be integrated into Türkiye’s upgraded F-16 fighters as part of the ÖZGÜR program, which includes the MURAD 100-A AESA radar, and will also be utilized on the next-generation KAAN fighter jet.

Greece has reportedly voiced significant concerns to France regarding its purported endorsement of Türkiye’s acquisition of METEOR long-range air-to-air missiles for use with the Eurofighter Typhoon fighters that Ankara intends to purchase.

Recently, Greek Defense Minister Nikos Dendias summoned French Ambassador to Greece, Laurence Auer, to formally express Greece’s objections to the proposed deal, seeking clarification on the reports about the potential sale of METEOR Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missiles to Türkiye.

“I have communicated to the French Ambassador Greece’s firm opposition to this potential sale (of METEOR missiles to Turkey), as it contradicts the strong strategic partnership between Greece and France that has been established until now,” Dendias remarked on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter). This diplomatic tension between Greece and France arises despite their robust defense collaboration.

Under the bilateral defense agreement signed in September 2021, Greece and France committed to mutual military support in the event of an attack by a third party. The Franco-Greek defense pact has resulted in significant arms acquisitions for Greece, including 24 Rafale fighter jets from Dassault Aviation and French-built naval vessels. Greece’s primary concern is that Türkiye’s procurement of METEOR missiles for the Eurofighter Typhoon could jeopardize its current air superiority over Ankara, which has been bolstered by the acquisition of Rafale fighters from France.

The planned acquisition of 40 state-of-the-art Eurofighter Typhoon jets, equipped with METEOR air-to-air missiles, has ignited significant tensions among Britain, France, and Greece. Reports indicate that Türkiye has linked its purchase of the Eurofighter Typhoons to obtaining approval for the METEOR missiles, a request that now seems to have been fulfilled.

Türkiye is poised to acquire the latest version of the Eurofighter Typhoon—Tranche 4.

Featuring the CAPTOR-E AESA radar, the Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 4 is recognized as Europe’s most advanced fighter aircraft, anticipated to remain in service until at least 2060. The METEOR Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) is widely regarded as the premier air-to-air missile globally, outclassing the U.S.-produced AIM-120 AMRAAM.

Developed by MBDA, the radar-guided METEOR missile is reported to achieve speeds of Mach 4 and can engage aerial targets at distances of up to 200 km. As Türkiye advances towards incorporating METEOR-class technology into its domestic GÖKHAN missile, the geopolitical arms race in the Eastern Mediterranean is likely to intensify further.

Iran has developed a suicide drone capable of launching attacks from significant depths

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

Iran’s recent introduction of the world’s first underwater-launched suicide drone represents a pivotal advancement in contemporary warfare, heralding a new phase of naval threats and asymmetric military capabilities.

This innovation, which integrates stealth technology, artificial intelligence, and precise targeting, could significantly alter the strategic equilibrium in the Persian Gulf and beyond.

As countries around the globe rush to enhance their drone capabilities, Iran‘s latest development prompts urgent discussions regarding naval defense strategies, countermeasures, and the future landscape of undersea combat.

The newly disclosed drone, which can reportedly be launched from underwater, poses a distinct risk to both military and commercial shipping. Unlike traditional surface drones, this system leverages the element of surprise, making it considerably harder to detect and intercept.

Conventional anti-drone measures typically concentrate on threats from the air or surface, suggesting that naval forces may need to reevaluate their defense tactics to address this emerging undersea threat.

A particularly alarming feature of Iran’s suicide drone is its use of artificial intelligence. With AI-driven navigation and target recognition, the drone can function autonomously, minimizing the need for direct human oversight.

This technological leap not only enhances deployment efficiency but also complicates countermeasures, as AI systems can adjust to changing battlefield scenarios in real-time.

The capability to autonomously identify and engage targets introduces a novel aspect to undersea warfare, potentially undermining the effectiveness of traditional naval defenses against such precision-guided assaults.

The strategic ramifications of this weapon system reach far beyond Iran’s immediate rivals. As a nation often embroiled in geopolitical conflicts, Iran’s creation of an AI-powered underwater suicide drone conveys a powerful message to both regional and global powers.

The Persian Gulf, a vital artery for international oil transportation, may experience increased instability if Iran opts to utilize these drones in disputed waters. The threat of these drones targeting U.S. Navy ships, allied vessels, or commercial maritime traffic raises alarms about a potential arms race in the area.

Discussions surrounding Iran’s military advancements frequently revolve around their origins and technological influences. Given the country’s track record of acquiring and reverse-engineering foreign military technologies, there is considerable speculation about whether this drone represents a fully domestic innovation or an adaptation of foreign designs.

Iran has previously shown its capability to improve existing drone technologies, as evidenced by its Shahed-series UAVs, which have been utilized in various conflicts and provided to allied forces throughout the Middle East. Should this underwater drone follow a similar path, its spread could present a significant challenge to naval forces globally.

Addressing such an advanced system poses a considerable challenge. Conventional sonar systems may find it difficult to detect a small, stealthy underwater drone, especially if it employs noise-reduction technologies or operates at varying depths.

Current missile defense systems designed for aerial threats are unlikely to counter a submerged drone effectively. This situation calls for the development of new defensive measures, including improved undersea surveillance networks, AI-enhanced sonar detection, and specialized interception methods.

The potential for swarm tactics, where multiple underwater drones are deployed simultaneously to overwhelm a target, further complicates defense strategies.

Iran’s introduction of an underwater suicide drone brings forth significant ethical and legal implications. The use of autonomous weapon systems is a contentious issue within the international community, raising concerns about accountability, engagement protocols, and possible breaches of maritime law.

The implementation of AI-powered suicide drones in disputed waters may obscure the distinctions between conventional and asymmetric warfare, complicating military leaders’ ability to anticipate and address such threats effectively.

In light of this advancement, the United States and its allies are likely to expedite their research into counter-drone technologies and underwater defense systems.

Nations with sophisticated submarine warfare capabilities, including the U.S., Russia, and China, are expected to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating similar AI-driven underwater drones into their military inventories.

The emergence of underwater-launched suicide drones could lead to the development of a new military strategy centered on undersea drone warfare and corresponding countermeasures.

Iran’s introduction of this drone technology occurs during a period when unmanned systems are transforming the dynamics of modern warfare. The growing deployment of drones in global conflicts highlights their role as effective, cost-efficient force multipliers.

In contrast to traditional naval assets that demand substantial investment and personnel, suicide drones offer a more economical approach for nations to confront superior naval forces. The underwater variant introduces additional complexity, compelling adversaries to reassess their strategic frameworks and defensive strategies.

As global military powers keep a close watch on Iran’s technological progress, the potential ramifications of this underwater suicide drone are likely to be significant. It remains uncertain whether this new system will represent a groundbreaking advancement or merely serve as a specialized weapon with limited practical use.

Nonetheless, its mere existence highlights the rapid transformation of drone warfare and the pressing necessity for nations to adjust to the emerging threats of the 21st century.

The emergence of AI-powered, submersible kamikaze drones indicates a future in which undersea conflicts may involve not only submarines but also autonomous, precision-guided machines capable of delivering lethal strikes from the ocean’s depths.

Trump claims both Putin and Zelenskiy are pursuing peace as phone talks begin to address the Ukraine conflict

Asif Shahid

February 13, 2025

President Donald Trump and President Vladimir Putin.

Donald Trump reported that both Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy conveyed their interest in achieving peace during separate phone conversations with him on Wednesday. Following these discussions, Trump instructed senior U.S. officials to initiate negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict in Ukraine.

These talks occurred after Trump’s defense secretary indicated that Ukraine might need to abandon its longstanding aspirations of joining NATO and reclaiming all territories lost to Russia, marking a significant change in the U.S. stance on the issue.

After a conversation lasting over an hour with Putin, Trump stated that the Russian leader, who initiated a comprehensive invasion of Ukraine in 2022, is eager for the war to conclude, and they talked about the possibility of establishing a ceasefire in the near future. “He wants it to end. He doesn’t want to end it and then go back to fighting six months later,” Trump remarked to reporters in the Oval Office. “I believe we are moving towards peace. Both President Putin and President Zelenskiy desire peace, and I share that goal. My hope is to see an end to the loss of life,” he added.

Trump has consistently claimed he could swiftly bring the war in Ukraine to a close, although he has not detailed the methods he would employ to achieve this. The Kremlin previously announced that Putin and Trump had agreed to a meeting, with Putin extending an invitation for Trump to visit Moscow. Trump mentioned that their initial meeting would likely occur soon in Saudi Arabia. In a post on his social media platform, he indicated that Secretary of State Marco Rubio, CIA Director John Ratcliffe, national security adviser Michael Waltz, and Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff would spearhead the negotiations to end the conflict.

Trump and Zelenskiy engaged in a conversation following Trump’s discussion with Putin, with Zelenskiy’s office reporting that their dialogue lasted approximately one hour. Zelenskiy shared on X, “I had a significant conversation with @POTUS. We explored opportunities for peace, discussed our willingness to collaborate, and addressed Ukraine’s technological advancements, including drones and other high-tech industries.”

Since the early stages of the conflict, which is nearing its third anniversary, no peace talks have taken place. Trump’s predecessor, Joe Biden, facilitated billions in military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine but did not have direct communication with Putin after the invasion began.

Currently, Russia occupies about 20% of Ukraine and has insisted that Kyiv relinquish additional territory and adopt a stance of permanent neutrality in any peace agreement. Conversely, Ukraine demands that Russia withdraw from the territories it has seized and insists on receiving NATO membership or equivalent security assurances to deter future aggression from Moscow.

European nations, including the UK, France, and Germany, emphasized on Wednesday their necessity to be involved in any future discussions regarding Ukraine’s fate, highlighting that a fair agreement with security guarantees is essential for lasting peace. They expressed their readiness to bolster support for Ukraine, aiming to strengthen its position.

Unattainable goal

Earlier on Wednesday, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth articulated the new administration’s most direct stance on the conflict, asserting that Ukraine could not realistically expect to revert to its previous borders or gain NATO membership. “We share your desire for a sovereign and thriving Ukraine. However, we must acknowledge that restoring Ukraine’s pre-2014 borders is an unattainable goal,” Hegseth stated during a meeting at NATO headquarters in Brussels. “Pursuing this unrealistic aim will only extend the conflict and lead to further suffering.”

In 2014, Russia annexed Crimea, a move that Ukraine and numerous Western nations regard as the occupation of Ukrainian territory. Hegseth emphasized that any lasting peace must incorporate “robust security guarantees to prevent the resurgence of conflict.” However, he clarified that U.S. troops would not be sent to Ukraine as part of these guarantees.

In an effort to maintain Trump’s interest in supporting Ukraine, Zelenskiy has recently suggested a proposal for U.S. investment in Ukrainian minerals. Scott Bessent, Trump’s former Treasury Secretary, visited Kyiv on Wednesday, marking the first visit by a member of Trump’s cabinet, and indicated that such a mineral investment could act as a “security shield” for Ukraine post-conflict.

Trump also mentioned that Rubio and Vice President JD Vance are scheduled to discuss the war on Friday in Munich, where Ukrainian officials are anticipated to participate in an annual security conference. This new diplomatic initiative follows a U.S.-Russia prisoner exchange that commenced on Tuesday, which the Kremlin suggested could foster trust between the two nations. On that day, Russia released American schoolteacher Marc Fogel, who had been serving a 14-year sentence in a Russian prison, in return for a Russian cybercrime leader held in the U.S., according to an official statement.

China’s J-20 has dropped its stealth features, now seen in ‘Beast Mode’ with PL-15 missiles, similar to the F-35 and Su-57

Asif Shahid

February 12, 2025

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) seems to be enhancing the firepower and combat capabilities of the J-20 stealth fighter. Recent images reveal the aircraft, known as the Mighty Dragon, in a configuration referred to as ‘beast mode,’ equipped with external PL-15 air-to-air missiles. This modification, however, compromises some of the aircraft’s stealth characteristics.

This development follows sightings of U.S. F-35 and Russian Su-57 aircraft also carrying missiles externally. For more details on the Su-57, further information is available.

A recent video shared on social media shows a J-20 in flight, reportedly armed with eight PL-15 medium-to-long-range air-to-air missiles. The missiles were displayed in pairs on four underwing pylons, while additional missiles were housed internally within the main weapons bay.

Rupprecht Dieno, a PLA observer, noted on social media that a similar image had circulated in December 2024, suggesting that this may not be the first instance of the J-20 operating in “beast mode.”

Additionally, another PLA analyst known as ‘Hurin’ shared a photo of a different J-20, claiming it was equipped with 14 to 16 PL-15 air-to-air missiles.

The J-20 features three internal weapons bays: one located in the underbelly and one on each side of the engines. Previously, it was capable of carrying four PL-15 beyond-visual-range missiles in the main bay and one PL-10 short-range missile in each of the side bays.

In recent years, China has been actively seeking to increase the internal payload capacity of the J-20, while also working on the development of new, longer-range air-to-air missiles designed for external mounting.

At the Zhuhai Air Show in November 2024, the PL-15E missile was introduced, featuring a compact, foldable fin design that allows the J-20 to carry six of these missiles in its main weapons bay, compared to only four of the standard PL-15 missiles.

According to the EurAsian Times, the PL-15E was developed to enhance the long-range combat capabilities of Chinese fighter jets, thereby boosting their firepower without compromising stealth.

This design modification is thought to have been influenced by the AMRAAM’s smaller fins, which enable four missiles to fit within the F-35’s internal weapon bay. However, recent images have shown the J-20 equipped with PL-15 missiles mounted externally.

Stealth aircraft like the J-20 typically utilize an internal weapons bay to hide their armaments, minimizing radar visibility and enhancing aerodynamic performance. While equipping an aircraft with external long-range air-to-air missiles—often referred to as “beast mode”—increases its firepower, it significantly diminishes its stealth capabilities.

As noted by retired Indian Air Force Air Marshal Anil Chopra, the capacity for stealth platforms to carry a greater number of weapons internally is crucial for contemporary air forces, as dominance in aerospace equates to global control.

The J-20’s stealth technology enables it to target adversaries, avoid detection, and penetrate contested airspace to achieve air superiority, although this stealth advantage limits its overall weapon-carrying capacity.

The J-20’s deployment in a full beast mode aligns with China’s broader strategy to bolster the aircraft’s combat capabilities in response to the increasing threat of regional conflict. In this configuration, the J-20 can carry three to four times the number of long-range missiles compared to its stealth mode.

Additionally, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) can effectively utilize both beast-mode and standard stealth J-20s in combat scenarios. For example, stealth-configured J-20s could lead an engagement, supported by beast-mode J-20s, when entering hostile airspace or engaging in aerial confrontations.

China is not the only nation employing its stealth fighters in a beast mode. The United States Air Force’s fifth-generation F-35 Lightning II has also been seen equipped with a full array of weapons and increased payload on external hard points to enhance its offensive capabilities against potential threats.

However, the J-20 boasts a greater payload capacity than the F-35. Defense analyst Kris Osborn noted that the J-20 can operate with a “bomb-truck” capacity, allowing it to deliver more ordnance than the F-35 in a single mission, with a maximum takeoff weight of 27,998 pounds of internal and external munitions, compared to the F-35’s 18,000 pounds in beast mode.

Given the rising tensions in critical areas of the Indo-Pacific, particularly the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait, the likelihood of conflict between the US and China has increased. Consequently, both nations are ramping up their military readiness and firepower.

China’s Long-Range AAM Fleet Is Growing

The external deployment of the PL-15 AAM is noteworthy, as it was previously thought that the larger PL-16 and PL-17 missiles would be the ones carried externally on aircraft due to their size.

The Chinese PL-15 missile is frequently likened to the American AIM-120 AMRAAM.

The PL-15 is an active radar-guided long-range air-to-air missile that utilizes a dual pulsed solid-propellant rocket and features an AESA radar. It is recognized for its combination of speed and agility, with an operational range estimated between 200 to 300 kilometers. This missile is compatible with the J-20 and has also been approved for use on the J-10C, J-15, J-16, J-11B, and JF-17 Block-III.

The U.S. Air Force has previously acknowledged that the initiation of the AIM-260 program—aimed at creating a new air-to-air missile with a range exceeding that of the AIM-120 AMRAAM—was significantly motivated by the emergence of the PL-15.

Moreover, earlier reports suggested that the People’s Liberation Army was working on a very long-range missile known as the PL-17, which is believed to be an active radar-guided, very long-range air-to-air missile (VLRAAM) with a claimed range of 400 kilometers.

This range is more than double that of the U.S. military’s current longest-range air-to-air weapon, the AIM-120D, and is designed to engage larger targets such as Flight Refueling Aircraft (FRA) and Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft.

The PLAAF is currently developing the PL-21 long-range missile, which is designed to compete with the American AIM-260 JATM and the Russian R-37M. This missile is projected to have a range of approximately 300-400 kilometers.

In a previous article for EurAsian Times, Indian Air Force veteran Air Marshal Anil Chopra (retd) noted, “Since the Gulf War, China has focused on achieving parity with US military capabilities. The country’s military strategy highlights the importance of air power for maritime defense, especially in regions like the South China Sea. Although it still trails in terms of fighter aircraft, it has made significant advancements in air-to-air missiles (AAMs).”

At this point, it remains uncertain whether the J-20 in its beast mode configuration has been fully operationalized within the PLAAF or if it is still undergoing development.

Moscow’s personnel strategy prioritizes vehicles and foot soldiers over armored tanks

Asif Shahid

February 12, 2025

Russia uses cars for battlefield maneuverability

Analysts monitoring the conflict in Ukraine indicate that Russian military units are increasingly utilizing lighter vehicles to enhance battlefield mobility, aiming to conserve their diminishing armored resources.

This change in strategy arises as Ukraine’s Armed Forces continue to deliver significant damage to Russian tanks and other armored vehicles, prompting modifications in Russian offensive tactics.

Since the onset of the full-scale invasion, Ukraine has reportedly destroyed or damaged around 100,000 units of Russian military equipment across land, air, and naval domains. Despite these substantial losses, Russian forces still maintain a considerable arsenal of weaponry, which plays a crucial role in the ongoing conflict.

Military analysts emphasize that modern Russia has not experienced such extensive losses in any previous military engagement.

As of January 31, Ukraine’s General Staff reports that Russian tank losses have reached 9,893 units, with an average daily loss ranging from three to ten tanks.

The open-source intelligence platform Oryx, which independently tracks military equipment losses, states that Russian forces have lost a total of 11,786 armored combat vehicles, including tanks, armored fighting vehicles (AFVs), infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), armored personnel carriers (APCs), and mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles (MRAPs). Among these, 8,903 have been confirmed destroyed, 368 damaged, 979 abandoned, and 1,536 captured by Ukrainian forces.

In light of the increasing losses, Russian forces are increasingly resorting to assaults utilizing civilian vehicles, which include everything from passenger cars to dune buggies and even golf carts.

As reported by the Ukrainian military news source ArmyInform, this change in strategy indicates Russia’s difficulties in sustaining its fleet of armored vehicles. The use of lighter transport alternatives, however, places Russian troops at heightened risk, especially in areas laden with mines, where small, unarmored vehicles offer minimal protection against explosive threats.

Historically, Russian troops relied on large-scale armored offensives—often characterized as reckless “banzai attacks”—to breach Ukrainian defenses. Yet, with Ukraine’s widespread deployment of first-person view (FPV) drones gaining dominance on the battlefield, Moscow’s approach seems to be shifting towards human-wave tactics that depend on unconventional transport methods. In certain instances, reports have even indicated that Russian forces are utilizing horses to navigate difficult terrains.

Hegseth visits NATO for the first time as allies anticipate US strategies regarding Ukraine

Asif Shahid

February 12, 2025

U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, left, walks with U.K. Secretary of State for Defence John Healey prior to a bilateral meeting at NATO headquarters in Brussels.

U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth visited NATO on Wednesday, marking the first trip by a member of the new Trump administration as allies await clarity on the extent of military and financial support Washington plans to extend to Ukraine.

During his visit, Hegseth engaged in discussions with U.K. Secretary of State for Defence John Healey prior to a meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group at NATO’s headquarters in Brussels. His predecessor, former Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, established this forum in 2022 to facilitate the provision of arms and ammunition to Ukraine.

Over the past three years, approximately 50 nations have collectively supplied Ukraine with over $126 billion in military aid and weaponry. Notably, this week’s meeting was hosted by the United Kingdom, marking a departure from previous gatherings that were led by the United States.

No decisions have been reached regarding the leadership of any future meetings, should they occur.

Hegseth was not anticipated to announce any new military aid for Ukraine during his visit.

This trip occurs just under two weeks before the third anniversary of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Many U.S. allies are concerned that if Russian President Vladimir Putin succeeds, he may not limit his ambitions to Ukraine, posing a significant threat to their security amid Europe’s largest land conflict in decades.

President Donald Trump has vowed to swiftly conclude the war, expressing concerns over the financial burden on American taxpayers. He has proposed that Ukraine should compensate the U.S. for its support by granting access to its rare earth minerals, energy resources, and other assets.

Some U.S. allies fear that a rushed agreement could be reached under terms unfavorable to Ukraine. Additionally, Trump seems to believe that European nations should assume greater responsibility for Ukraine’s future security.

Washington’s 31 NATO allies are eager to understand the direction Trump’s new administration will take regarding the world’s largest security alliance. During his first term, Trump unsettled European partners by suggesting that the U.S. might not defend any member that fails to meet NATO’s military spending guidelines.

NATO operates on the principle that an attack on one ally is an attack on all, necessitating a collective response. This membership is viewed as the highest form of security assurance, which Ukraine is actively seeking.

Discussions on Ukraine’s security requirements and defense expenditures are scheduled for Thursday. In response to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, European allies have increased their military budgets, with 23 nations estimated to have met or surpassed the 2% of GDP spending target set for last year.

Nevertheless, a third of the member states have yet to achieve this benchmark, and Trump is likely to focus on them once more. Recently, he advocated for NATO members to raise their defense spending to 5% of GDP, a target that no member has yet attained, including Poland, which, while spending over 4%, is projected to approach 5% this year.

While addressing reporters in Germany on Tuesday, Hegseth refrained from committing to a U.S. defense spending increase to 5% of GDP. He expressed the view that the U.S. should allocate more than it did under the Biden administration and “should not go lower than 3%.”

He indicated that the ultimate decision rests with Trump, while emphasizing that “we are in fiscally constrained times” and must exercise responsibility regarding taxpayer funds. Currently, the United States allocates approximately 3.3% of its GDP to defense.

NATO leaders are anticipated to reach a consensus on new spending objectives during their upcoming summit scheduled for June 24-26 in The Hague, Netherlands.

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