The modernization of the Turkish navy, referred to as the “Blue Homeland” initiative

The Turkish naval forces are currently undergoing a significant modernization initiative, driven by the enhanced capabilities of the Turkish defense industry. This initiative, often referred to as “Blue Homeland Modernization” by stakeholders, aims to substantially boost the “Power Transfer Capability” of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK).

At present, Türkiye is constructing 31 distinct naval platforms, which include destroyers, frigates, corvettes, fast patrol boats, offshore patrol vessels, submarines, mine countermeasure vessels, and landing ships. Recently, it was announced that the construction of the National Aircraft Carrier (MUGEM) has officially commenced. Upon its completion, Türkiye will possess its first aircraft carrier.

The largest naval asset in the Turkish fleet is the TCG Anadolu multi-purpose amphibious assault ship (LHD), developed in collaboration with Spain and commissioned in 2023. The TCG Anadolu has recently been utilized for landings and takeoffs by the Bayraktar TB3 armed unmanned aerial vehicle, created by Baykar, marking it as the “world’s first UCAV ship.” Additionally, naval adaptations of the Kızılelma and Anka-3 platforms are set to be developed for MUGEM. In summary, Türkiye is incorporating unmanned aerial vehicle technology, which has already made significant strides on land and in the air, into its naval operations.

This growing capability is also evident in Türkiye’s warship export activities. The country is producing military naval platforms for various nations, including four Milgem corvettes for Pakistan, two for Ukraine, three for Malaysia, two logistics support vessels for Portugal, two offshore patrol vessels for Nigeria, and two fast patrol boats for Qatar. There is also a rising demand for large-scale projects from the Gulf region.

The Turkish defense industry is actively developing the platforms, weaponry, and sensor systems intended for use on these platforms. Recent advancements include the ATMACA anti-ship missiles, Çakır cruise missiles, the Midlas vertical launch system, the HİSAR-D air defense missile, the CENK AESA search radar, the Gökdeniz close-in weapon system (CIWS), the 76 mm naval gun, the ARES-2 electronic warfare suite, and AKYA heavy-class torpedoes. These innovations highlight Türkiye’s emergence as a viable alternative to Europe, the U.S., Russia, and China in the procurement of advanced defense products.

In alignment with its “Blue Homeland Strategy,” Türkiye is fully engaged in enhancing its naval capabilities. The activation of its naval base in Qatar and the establishment of a naval task force in Somalia are strategic moves aimed at expanding its global influence and interests.

Recently, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced an increase in Türkiye’s missile range to 800 kilometers (497 miles), with plans to develop missiles capable of reaching 2,000 kilometers in the near future. This development serves as a significant message to Greece and the international community. Historically, Türkiye has maintained a military rivalry with Greece, characterized by tense relations since World War I. Efforts to balance military procurement have been made, but the advancements in the Turkish defense industry over the past decade have shifted the dynamics of this rivalry. With missiles now capable of striking any location in Greece, Türkiye’s strategic focus has expanded beyond regional concerns, allowing it to operate on a global scale, as Greece is no longer viewed as a primary threat.

A clearer understanding of the strategic significance of the “Blue Homeland” concept and policy for Türkiye can be illustrated through the situation in Libya. Following a deadlock after the coup, the dynamics in Libya shifted dramatically with Türkiye’s intervention. The presence of Turkish warships providing an air defense shield for the Government of National Unity (GNU) forces, along with the deployment of Turkish UCAVs and military advisory support from experienced Turkish Armed Forces personnel, has altered the balance of power, diminishing the influence of Khalifa Haftar’s forces. This shift exemplifies the importance of being “strong on the ground,” which necessitates a robust arsenal of warships, missile systems, and various defense industry assets. Crucially, it also involves training military personnel to effectively operate these advanced weapons.

The year 2030 is pivotal for the Turkish navy, as it is projected to possess eight Mılgem ISTIF class frigates, ten HISAR class offshore patrol vessels, six Reis class submarines, mechanized landing platforms, fast patrol boats, and additional support vessels by that time. The navy will also incorporate numerous advanced naval platforms, weaponry, and sensor systems. Upon the completion of the first phase of the Blue Homeland Modernization, the Turkish navy is expected to rank among the largest naval forces not only in the Black Sea, Mediterranean, and Aegean regions but also globally.