Zelensky and the Dutch Prime Minister support deploying F-16 fighter jets to bolster Ukraine’s airspace security

February 23, 2025

In a recent conversation with Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof after a meeting in Munich, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky highlighted the enduring partnership between Ukraine and the Netherlands. He stressed the importance of achieving a fair resolution to the war and enhancing European unity.

Zelensky utilized the social media platform X to provide insights into their discussion, emphasizing a shared principle: no decisions regarding Ukraine should be made without Ukraine, and no decisions concerning Europe should occur without Europe.

He pointed out their collective recognition of the necessity to strengthen military capabilities, which serves as a protective measure not just for Ukraine, but for the entire European region. Zelensky expressed appreciation for the Netherlands’ unwavering support, commending the nation’s readiness to maintain and even increase its assistance, which he deemed essential for the overall stability of Europe.

A significant aspect of their dialogue was the expected continuation of F-16 fighter jet deliveries this year. Zelensky reiterated the need for “the sky over Ukraine to be closed and safe.” This appeal is part of a broader diplomatic effort with global leaders on February 21, as reported by ArmyInform, reflecting Ukraine’s determination to bolster its defenses amid the ongoing conflict.

The Netherlands has played a crucial role in enhancing Ukraine’s air capabilities, having already delivered some of the pledged F-16 jets. Dutch officials have confirmed that the initial batch of these advanced aircraft—estimated to be between 10 and 14 jets—has arrived in Ukraine, as part of a larger commitment of 24 aircraft promised by the Dutch government.

Following the completion of initial deliveries, there are still around 10 to 14 jets scheduled for transfer in the upcoming months, a topic discussed by Zelensky and Schoof in their recent conversation.

This initiative is part of a larger coalition effort, with contributions from countries such as Denmark, Norway, and Belgium, aiming to provide Ukraine with a total of up to 79 jets from Western allies. The ongoing deliveries into 2025 indicate a commitment to strengthening Ukraine’s capacity to address Russian aerial threats.

Historically, Dutch military experts have emphasized the significant role these F-16s could play in Ukraine’s military operations. In March 2023, former Dutch Defense Minister Kajsa Ollongren stated, “The F-16s will provide Ukraine with a substantial enhancement in its air defense capabilities. They are adaptable, dependable, and capable of engaging Russian aircraft that have been attacking Ukrainian cities and infrastructure.”

Her successor, Ruben Brekelmans, reinforced this view during his visit to Kyiv in October 2024, asserting, “These jets will enable Ukraine to drive Russian planes further from the front lines and safeguard cities like Kharkiv, which have endured continuous bombardment.”

Lieutenant General André Steur, commander of the Dutch air force, remarked at a NATO conference in 2023, “The F-16’s radar and missile systems can contest Russian air dominance, allowing Ukraine to manage its airspace more effectively.” These remarks illustrate a shared belief among Dutch officials that the jets could alter the dynamics in favor of Ukraine, providing both defensive and offensive capabilities against a formidable Russian air force.

Ukraine has commenced utilizing the F-16 fighter jets it has received, with several significant reports emerging in the media highlighting their impact on the battlefield. In early August 2024, President Zelensky confirmed the arrival of the jets and their initial combat operations, which included intercepting Russian missiles during a large-scale aerial assault on August 26.

Ukrainian military officials indicated that an F-16 successfully intercepted multiple incoming drones and missiles, safeguarding civilian areas from potential destruction. However, on the same day, one jet was lost, with the Ukrainian General Staff attributing the incident to a non-combat-related cause—likely pilot error or a technical malfunction—rather than enemy action.

Additionally, Bloomberg reported in October 2024 that F-16s played a crucial role in countering Russian glide bomb strikes near the eastern front, compelling Russian aircraft to operate from greater distances. While these early achievements are modest, they illustrate the jets’ potential to enhance Ukraine’s air defense capabilities and provide a morale boost to both military personnel and civilians.

Nevertheless, analysts and military experts warn that the F-16s are not a panacea for Ukraine’s broader wartime challenges. Their effectiveness is limited by several factors, including the relatively small number of jets delivered and the significant learning curve faced by Ukrainian pilots transitioning from Soviet-era MiG-29s and Su-27s.

Jens Stoltenberg, the former NATO Secretary General, cautioned in late 2023 that while F-16s would enhance Ukraine’s military capabilities, they would not lead to an immediate transformation of the situation on the ground. Russian air defenses, particularly the advanced S-400 systems, present a considerable threat, capable of engaging F-16s from considerable distances.

Moscow’s significant advantage in aircraft, with estimates exceeding 300 combat jets in the region, far surpasses Ukraine’s developing fleet. The loss of an F-16 in August highlighted the susceptibility of even advanced Western technology in contested airspace. Additionally, limitations imposed by certain donors, such as Belgium’s requirement that the jets operate solely over Ukrainian territory, restrict their offensive capabilities.

Logistical hurdles, including the procurement of spare parts and the establishment of secure airbases, further hinder the effective deployment of these aircraft, indicating that while the F-16s are valuable assets, they alone cannot shift the dynamics of the conflict.

The F-16s provided by the Netherlands are mainly from the F-16AM/BM variants, which underwent modernization through the Mid-Life Update (MLU) program. These single-engine, multirole fighters can reach speeds of up to Mach 2 (approximately 1,500 mph) and have a combat radius of around 340 miles when equipped with external fuel tanks, making them versatile for both air-to-air and air-to-ground operations.

They are outfitted with the AN/APG-66[V]2 radar, which enhances the detection of low-flying targets, and can carry a variety of munitions, including AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles for beyond-visual-range combat and AGM-65 Maverick missiles for precision strikes.

The Dutch aircraft also incorporate upgraded avionics, featuring digital cockpit displays and advanced electronic warfare systems that enhance pilot situational awareness. Although they are not the latest Block 70/72 variants, these MLU F-16s remain powerful, boasting a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1.095 and a service ceiling of 50,000 feet.

The adaptability of these systems enables Ukraine to engage Russian aircraft, neutralize enemy air defenses, and conduct ground strikes. However, their success is contingent upon the incorporation of Western-supplied munitions and the robustness of Ukraine’s supporting infrastructure in the face of continuous Russian assaults.

Boeing F-15 variants outperform F-35 and F-22 in combat readiness evaluation

Asif Shahid

February 23, 2025

The U.S. Air Force operates one of the most formidable air fleets globally, reflecting decades of strategic investment and innovation that have ensured the security of American and allied airspace. As of February 2025, the service manages around 5,000 aircraft, which includes a diverse range beyond just its advanced fighter jets.

This extensive fleet features bombers like the B-52 Stratofortress, refueling aircraft such as the KC-135 Stratotanker, transport planes like the C-17 Globemaster III, and an expanding selection of unmanned aerial vehicles. With a budget surpassing $188 billion for fiscal year 2025, the Air Force maintains a comprehensive arsenal aimed at projecting power on a global scale.

However, beneath this facade of strength lies a concerning situation. A report from the Government Accountability Office in late 2024 highlights issues with aircraft readiness, revealing that the fleet is facing maintenance challenges and operational deficiencies. Notably, the F-15 variants—C, D, and EX—are unexpectedly outperforming the more advanced F-22 and F-35 in terms of mission capability.

The GAO’s analysis provides a detailed look at the operational readiness of the U.S. fighter jets, yielding some surprising findings. The F-15C, a single-seat air superiority fighter developed in the 1970s, recorded a mission-capable rate of 52.9% in fiscal year 2023, a significant improvement from just 33% the year before. Its two-seat counterpart, the F-15D, achieved an even higher rate of 63.7%, up from 55%.

These improvements are the result of a strategic initiative by the Air Force to phase out the oldest and most maintenance-intensive aircraft, resulting in a more streamlined and dependable fleet. The standout performer is the F-15EX Eagle II, Boeing’s updated version of the classic model. With only eight units currently operational, it boasts an impressive mission-capable rate of 83.13%, a remarkable achievement for a platform still in its early stages.

This metric, which indicates the percentage of time an aircraft is capable of executing at least one of its primary missions, underscores the F-15EX’s advantages in terms of reliability and maintenance simplicity. In contrast, the fifth-generation F-22 Raptor experienced a significant drop in readiness, plummeting from 52% to 40.19%. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) attributes this decline to aging systems and a congressional decision to delay the retirement of its Block 20 jets until 2028.

Meanwhile, the F-35A, Lockheed Martin’s stealth aircraft, improved slightly to 51.5% from a previous low, aided by enhanced spare parts availability, yet it still falls short of the program’s goal of 65%. Throughout fiscal 2023, the Air Force allocated $4.9 billion for fighter sustainment—$1.2 billion over budget—yet these advanced stealth aircraft remain grounded more frequently than their older models.

Despite their advanced technology, the F-22 and F-35 are hindered by numerous sustainment issues, as detailed by the GAO. The challenges facing the F-22 are varied: its stealth coatings deteriorate over time, necessitating labor-intensive repairs, and its supply chain is impacted by the disappearance of vendors that previously supplied essential components.

Depot maintenance, intended to refurbish these aircraft, averages 180 days per jet, significantly surpassing the Air Force’s target of 120 days. The F-35’s issues are even more severe, with a lifetime cost now estimated at $1.7 trillion for nearly 2,500 jets, and the program is grappling with a repair backlog of over 10,000 components, some of which may wait up to a year for service.

The GAO identifies a significant lack of technical data as a primary issue, noting that maintainers frequently do not have access to the comprehensive manuals necessary for repairs. This situation is exacerbated by the Pentagon’s heavy dependence on Lockheed Martin for maintenance support. Additionally, organizational maintenance conducted at military bases is further hindered by insufficient training and a lack of necessary support equipment.

In 2023, only 30% of F-35 maintenance tasks were completed within the established timeliness standards, a decrease from 35% in 2022. These challenges have tangible effects: the F-35 fleet managed to fly only 55% of its scheduled hours last year, compelling the Air Force to rely more heavily on older aircraft such as the F-15.

The bomber fleet, crucial to the United States’ long-range strike capabilities, is also facing difficulties. The GAO report highlights three aging platforms that are struggling to maintain operational status. The B-1B Lancer, which can achieve supersonic speeds, increased its mission-capable rate to 46%, still below the halfway mark, but only after retiring its most fatigued units.

The B-2 Spirit, a stealth bomber with a staggering price tag of $2 billion per aircraft, experienced a decline in readiness to 39%, a drop of 1.5 points from 2022, due to the complex nature of its systems requiring specialized maintenance that depots are often unable to provide. Meanwhile, the B-52, a veteran of over 70 years of service from the Cold War era, saw its readiness decrease to 41%, down from 42.5%, despite a $10 billion investment in upgrading its engines and avionics.

In 2023, the Air Force achieved only 67% of its planned flight hours, a deficit attributed by the GAO to shortages in parts and an overextended maintenance workforce. The B-52, for example, depends on engines that were last manufactured in the 1980s, and the initiative known as “Drive to 55,” which aims for a 55% readiness rate, has faltered due to diminishing supplier support.

These bombers are essential, especially since the B-21 Raider, the upcoming stealth bomber, will not be operational until later in the decade, leaving the Air Force to manage with aging aircraft.

Amid these challenges, Pete Hegseth, who was confirmed as Defense Secretary in January 2025, is tasked with reevaluating Pentagon expenditures. With the defense budget limited to $849.5 billion as per the 2023 Fiscal Responsibility Act, Hegseth has already halted the Air Force’s “Re-Optimization for Great Power Competition” initiative, a $30 billion project designed to counter China.

The GAO has reported that sustainment costs for fighter jets surged by 24% above the 2018 projections from 2018 to 2023, leading Hegseth to suggest reducing the procurement of new F-35s from 48 to 42 in FY25 and F-15EXs from 24 to 18. He is instead reallocating funds to enhance readiness, proposing $75.6 billion for operations and maintenance in FY25, an increase of 1.7%, asserting that a smaller, more effective fleet is preferable to a larger, dysfunctional one.

Critics, including members of the Senate Armed Services Committee, express concerns that this situation may lead to a loss of technological advantage, particularly as the flyaway cost of the F-15EX [$89.8 million] approaches that of the F-35A [$85.8 million] when fully equipped.

Hegseth argues that the GAO’s findings, which highlight a gap between expenditure and operational readiness, support his position. Nevertheless, with $37.7 billion allocated for research and development on initiatives such as the B-21 and NGAD fighter, the Air Force’s future relies on effectively balancing innovation with the maintenance of current aircraft.

At the same time, China’s air power is advancing rapidly, necessitating scrutiny. The Pentagon’s 2024 China Military Power Report, which aligns with the GAO’s assessment, estimates that the People’s Liberation Army Air Force operates over 2,400 combat aircraft—an inventory surpassed only by the U.S. and Russia.

The J-20 stealth fighter, approaching 200 units, competes with the F-22 in terms of quantity, while the J-16 multirole jet contributes more than 100 new airframes each year. The J-10C, a lightweight fighter, further strengthens the fleet with additional units annually, and the J-35, inspired by the F-35, is poised to enhance China’s naval aviation capabilities.

The H-20 bomber, which remains classified, is expected to offer stealth and range comparable to the B-2. In 2024, China conducted joint bomber operations with Russia near Alaska, indicating a transition from a focus on regional defense to a broader global strategy. The PLA’s stockpile of 600 nuclear warheads, an increase of 100 since 2023, along with a developing air-launched ballistic missile capability, suggests the evolution of a more sophisticated nuclear triad.

Analysts highlight China’s emphasis on developing indigenous engines, such as the WS-15 for the J-20, alongside a commitment to “actual combat” training. This approach resulted in PLAAF pilots accumulating 20% more flight hours in 2023 compared to the previous year. With production capabilities significantly surpassing those of the U.S. — evidenced by the F-35 program delivering only 98 jets in 2023 — China’s total fleet of 3,150 aircraft presents both a numerical and increasingly qualitative challenge.

As the U.S. engages in discussions regarding budgets and maintenance, Beijing’s continuous military expansion reveals a critical truth: America’s air superiority can no longer be taken for granted.

Swiss army chief says Switzerland could aid in Ukraine peacekeeping

Asif Shahid

February 23, 2025

Switzerland's national flag flies behind soldiers of the Swiss Army's 21st Signal Battalion before a ceremony at the medieval Castelgrande castle in Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Switzerland may be able to deploy troops for a future peacekeeping operation in Ukraine, contingent upon a formal request and government approval, according to Swiss armed forces chief Thomas Suessli in an interview released on Sunday.

Suessli indicated to the SonntagsBlick newspaper that the country could potentially mobilize approximately 200 soldiers within a timeframe of nine to twelve months. However, he emphasized that any decision would ultimately rest with the government and parliament should a request be made.

He noted that discussions regarding the deployment of peacekeepers are currently speculative, as the future dynamics between Russia and Ukraine remain uncertain. “There is no peace at this time, and no request has been made by the United Nations,” Suessli remarked.

Switzerland, maintaining its neutral stance, is involved in various peacekeeping missions globally, with its largest contingent stationed in Kosovo, where it supports NATO’s Kosovo Force (KFOR). European nations have been contemplating the option of sending peacekeepers to Ukraine as part of ongoing diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, which has persisted since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022.

Trump’s Selection of Dan Caine as the Leading US Military Officer: A True General in His Eyes

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

Dan Caine may not have been a prominent figure in Washington prior to Friday night. However, President Donald Trump‘s interest in the retired three-star general, his unexpected choice for the next chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, seems to trace back to their initial encounter in Iraq in 2018. At that time, Caine was serving as the deputy commander of a special operations task force engaged in the fight against the Islamic State. During a speech at the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2019, Trump recounted how Caine confidently asserted that the militant group could be defeated within a week.

Since that meeting, Trump has frequently shared the story of his interaction with “Razin” Caine, and his admiration for the general has only intensified. “He’s a real general, not a television general,” Trump remarked in Miami on Wednesday, just two days before his Truth Social announcement propelled Caine from retirement to a nomination for the highest active-duty position in the U.S. military. If the Senate confirms his appointment, Caine will assume command of a military facing significant changes in the early days of the Trump administration, following the unexpected dismissal of the previous chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Air Force General C.Q. Brown.

Caine, a retired F-16 pilot, is set to be promoted to four-star general and will then face a potentially challenging Senate confirmation process to secure a four-year term as the uniformed leader of the nation’s armed forces.

UNCONVENTIONAL CHOICE

Caine’s military trajectory diverges from the conventional route typically taken by those who become the president’s principal military advisor. Unlike previous generals and admirals who have led combatant commands or military branches, Caine did not reach such high ranks before his retirement. According to Trump, he was “passed over for promotion by Sleepy Joe Biden,” whom Trump defeated in the presidential election last November.

Trump expressed on Truth Social, “But that is no longer the case!” Earlier this year, Caine recounted on a podcast his aspiration to emulate his father, a fighter pilot, during his youth. “As a child, we moved frequently, which instilled in me a strong desire to fly jets in the Air Force,” Caine shared. He earned a bachelor’s degree in Arts and Economics from the Virginia Military Institute in 1990.

Having logged over 2,800 hours in the F-16, Caine was among the pilots assigned to safeguard Washington on September 11, 2001, when al Qaeda operatives hijacked commercial aircraft and targeted the Pentagon and the World Trade Center in New York City. He understood the gravity of potentially needing to intercept a hijacked plane. “I was acutely aware that a mistake on our part, or failing to act when necessary, could lead to catastrophic outcomes,” Caine, who has also piloted the T-37 and T-38, stated in an article featured on the CIA website.

From 2005 onward, Caine held various positions in the capital, serving as a special assistant to the secretary at the Department of Agriculture and later as the policy director for counterterrorism at the White House’s Homeland Security Council. His official Air Force biography notes that he was a part-time member of the National Guard and “a serial entrepreneur and investor” from 2009 to 2016. Most recently, he served as the associate director for military affairs at the Central Intelligence Agency before retiring late last year.

Caine’s tenure in Iraq from 2018 to 2019 was pivotal in attracting Trump’s attention. He will face heightened scrutiny to maintain an apolitical stance, especially following the recent dismissal of Brown, a four-star general.

Military officials in uniform are expected to uphold loyalty to the U.S. Constitution, remaining independent of any political affiliations or movements. A senior U.S. military official, who has collaborated with Caine for over a decade, emphasized his commitment to keeping the military separate from political matters. According to this official, Caine prioritizes the mission and the troops over political considerations, asserting that he is not politically inclined.

However, Caine’s ability to maintain this separation may largely hinge on Trump, who has previously involved the military in partisan debates. In a recent recounting of their initial encounter in Iraq, Trump noted that Caine was present when service members began donning “Make America Great Again” hats.

Trump recounted, “They all put on the Make America Great Again hat. Not supposed to do it,” during a speech last year, adding, “I said, ‘you’re not supposed to do that. You know that.’ They replied, ‘It’s OK, sir. We don’t care.'”

Four potential approaches to addressing the Ukraine conflict from a Western viewpoint

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

Russian President Vladimir Putin and then-US President Donald Trump on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Osaka, Japan, June 28, 2019.

U.S. President Donald Trump is advocating for a peaceful resolution to the ongoing full-scale conflict in Ukraine, which has persisted for three years. Think tanks have suggested a range of strategies designed to create a lasting peace in the region

Maximum Pressure Strategy

The Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) has put forward a plan titled “How to Win: A Seven-Point Plan for Sustainable Peace in Ukraine,” which emphasizes a “maximum pressure strategy” to encourage Russia to engage in sincere negotiations.

The plan suggests that the U.S. and its allies should:

– Provide immediate, unconditional material support to Ukraine to deplete Russia’s military capabilities, thereby enhancing Ukraine’s leverage in negotiations.
– Intensify sanctions against Russian financial institutions and the energy sector, release frozen Russian assets to aid Ukrainian defense and reconstruction efforts, and implement secondary sanctions to increase economic pressure not only on Russia but also on authoritarian regimes in China, Iran, and North Korea.

CEPA asserts that any peace negotiations with Russia must involve “Ukraine and Europe,” and recommends that the U.S. back “a European-led coalition of the willing” to oversee any ceasefire with an international force. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for European allies to make swift and consistent progress toward Ukraine’s integration into the European Union.

Catherine Sendak, the director for transatlantic defense and security at CEPA and one of the authors of the report, stated to VOA’s Ukrainian service that the United States should engage in discussions with Russia only after ensuring that Ukraine is provided with the most robust support possible and employing its most effective diplomatic strategies.

She emphasized that the topic of Ukraine’s potential NATO membership should be excluded from negotiations with Russia. “Bringing that up with a non-NATO member is not beneficial to any discussions,” Sendak remarked, highlighting that it would grant Russia undue influence over the decision of which countries can join the alliance.

Negotiation Strategies

Josh Rudolph, a senior fellow at the German Marshall Fund and leader of its Transatlantic Democracy Working Group, previously worked on Russian and Ukrainian policy at the National Security Council during the initial Trump administration.

Last month, he provided policy suggestions to the current Trump administration aimed at resolving the conflict in Ukraine.

His recommendations included:

“Engage [Russian President Vladimir] Putin from a position of strength. While Putin appeared formidable at the beginning of Trump’s first term, his miscalculations in Ukraine have weakened him. In this dynamic, Trump should assert control over the negotiation framework, not Putin.”
“Recognize when to withdraw. A pivotal moment in the negotiations will arise if Putin is unwilling to make significant concessions. Trump must be ready to exit the talks.”
“Integrate sanctions with reduced oil and gas prices. The most effective way to demonstrate to Putin that continuing his aggression in Ukraine would jeopardize his regime is to apply financial pressure on Russia. By leveraging his more favorable relationship with Saudi Arabia compared to [former President Joe] Biden, Trump could increase fossil fuel supply, making sanctions more effective, undermining Russia’s military efforts, and creating political instability in Moscow.”

Rudolph advocated for fully equipping Ukraine, suggesting the allocation of all $300 billion in Russia’s frozen assets, urging Europe to increase its financial contributions for weaponry, and proposing the deployment of 100,000 troops as peacekeepers. He also emphasized the importance of facilitating American companies in the reconstruction of Ukraine and recommended inviting Ukraine to join NATO if Putin declines to accept reasonable terms for a peace agreement.

In an interview with VOA, Rudolph expressed that Trump could persuade those in the U.S. who are currently hesitant about ongoing military support for Ukraine, arguing that such support as part of a peace agreement would ultimately benefit American workers.

He stated, “He can assure them that we have secured a favorable deal backed by rare earth minerals, which has brought an end to the conflict. To maintain this stability, we will need to continue supplying American-made weapons, which, in turn, generate numerous jobs and support facilities and factories in red states.”

Highlighting economic advantages

A report titled “Dollars and Sense: America’s Interest in a Ukrainian Victory,” authored by Elaine McCusker, Frederick W. Kagan, and Richard Sims from the American Enterprise Institute, analyzed the implications of ceasing support for Ukraine. The findings indicated that such a move would likely result in Ukraine’s defeat and allow Russia to extend its influence further into Europe, necessitating an increased U.S. military presence in the region.

Key conclusions from the report include:

“Supporting Ukraine to achieve victory against Russia aligns with the best interests of the United States.”
“A scenario where Russia emerges victorious would pose greater dangers and incur higher costs for America, potentially requiring an additional $808 billion in defense spending over the next five years.”
“Conversely, a strengthened and expedited multinational commitment to Ukraine, leading to a swift conclusion of the conflict, would result in a robust and free Ukraine with a modernized military and a flourishing industrial sector, contributing to European stability.”

Frederick Kagan, in an interview with VOA, stated that a Russian triumph in Ukraine would signify a win for Iran, China, and North Korea, potentially fostering increased aggression in their respective areas. It would also enable Russia to strengthen its military by acquiring additional personnel and resources from Ukraine.

Kagan noted that a Russian annexation of Ukraine would likely result in a significant influx of refugees into Europe, exacerbating instability across the continent.

He remarked, “The atrocities committed against the Ukrainian population in occupied territories are alarming. I anticipate that these actions will escalate as Russian forces advance further west, particularly into regions of western Ukraine that are traditionally anti-Russian and pro-Western. The resulting horrors will be unimaginable.”

Kagan emphasized that enhanced support for Ukraine could transform it into a stronghold for European peace and security, featuring a well-trained military and a rapidly advancing defense industry, thus allowing the U.S. to redirect its focus to other global areas.

Balanced approach

The Heritage Foundation’s “Project 2025 Presidential Transition Project” offers policy suggestions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

The American conservative movement is currently divided regarding Ukraine, with one faction advocating for support of Kyiv and another suggesting a withdrawal. A compromise approach has been proposed.

Among the recommendations from Project 2025 are:

“U.S. involvement in Ukraine should be fully funded, limited to military assistance while European allies manage Ukraine’s economic requirements, and guided by a clearly articulated national security strategy that prioritizes American lives.”
“Despite differing opinions, there is a consensus that Putin’s invasion of Ukraine is unjust and that the Ukrainian people have the right to defend their nation. This conflict has significantly diminished Putin’s military capabilities and strengthened NATO’s unity and relevance for European countries.”
“The next conservative president has a unique opportunity to resolve the foreign policy divisions within the movement and establish a new direction that identifies Communist China as the primary threat to U.S. interests in the 21st century.”

James Carafano, a national security expert at The Heritage Foundation overseeing its defense and foreign policy initiatives, stated to VOA that it is in the U.S. interest to support a free and independent Ukraine capable of self-defense.

“Practically speaking, a united Europe can defend itself, and the United States can protect Europe if Ukraine falls under Russian control. That said, are we significantly better off with the Russians on the other side of Ukraine? The answer is ‘absolutely.’”

NextRS: The United States is Making Significant Investments in a New Hypersonic Bomber

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

The announcement last week regarding the U.S. government’s initiative to develop a Mach-5-capable bomber generated significant attention worldwide. The Next Generation Responsive Strike (NextRS) program, which combines the functionalities of a bomber and a reconnaissance aircraft, is set to be the U.S. Air Force’s next major undertaking following its current project aimed at creating a sixth-generation fighter jet.

A hypersonic bomber would represent the pinnacle of technological advancement in aviation; however, the question remains: is speed alone sufficient in today’s military landscape?

NGRS Hypersonic Bombers: Lessons from History

Among the most anticipated aircraft developments in recent years has been the quest for a successor to the SR-71 Blackbird. This iconic aircraft, retired after the Cold War, holds the record as the fastest ever built, achieving speeds of Mach 3.2, equivalent to over 2,200 miles per hour.

In 1990, the Blackbird completed a flight from Los Angeles to Washington D.C. in an impressive 1 hour and 4 minutes, a record that still stands today. No current aircraft can surpass this achievement, even 34 years later.

However, this may change in the 2030s. As reported by Aviation Week & Space Technology, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is working on the Next Generation Responsive Strike (NextRS), a reusable hypersonic aircraft designed for both intelligence-gathering and strike missions.

This aircraft will follow the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) initiative, which aims to develop what is expected to be the world’s first sixth-generation fighter jet. DARPA aims to have a prototype ready by 2030, with NGAD projected to enter service in the 2030s, suggesting that NGRS could be operational by the 2040s.

NextRS is characterized as a hypersonic aircraft, capable of flying at speeds exceeding Mach 5. This velocity surpasses the record set by the SR-71 for the flight from Los Angeles to Washington D.C., completing the journey in approximately 40 minutes.

DARPA’s hypersonic bomber would possess the speed to outpace any current interceptor fighter, including the F-22 Raptor. However, it would not be able to evade the Russian S-400 surface-to-air missile system, which features the 48N6 missile, reaching speeds of Mach 12. Consequently, a flight path over an S-400 battery would likely result in interception.

Since the 1970s, the United States has prioritized stealth over speed in its strike aircraft design. The B-1 and B-2 bombers, along with the forthcoming B-21 Raider, have all been engineered to reduce their radar cross-section, thereby decreasing the range at which they can be detected.

These three bombers sacrifice speed for stealth, operating under the principle that remaining undetected is preferable to relying on speed for evasion.

The Air Force has historically invested heavily in stealthy strike aircraft, prompting questions about its recent shift in strategy. In April 2024, as reported by Air & Space Forces Magazine, the Air Force indicated it does not intend to procure more than 100 B-21 Raider bombers.

A new aircraft may emerge by the time the initial order is completed, potentially enhancing the Raider fleet. This new aircraft is likely to be the NextRS.

The NextRS is not expected to be a stealth aircraft. A hypersonic bomber must focus on aerodynamic efficiency rather than minimizing radar visibility to optimize its range and withstand the extreme temperatures caused by high surface friction, which could damage conventional aircraft.

Additionally, it would produce a significant infrared signature detectable by space-based sensors, alerting adversaries to the approach of a hypersonic aircraft or missile.

This scenario presents two possibilities. One is that the NextRS may not function as a traditional bomber, which typically drops unpowered, precision-guided munitions directly onto targets. A key design objective for this aircraft is to release munitions at hypersonic speeds.

Hypersonic weapons could be launched from beyond the S-400’s 250-mile interception range, relying on the missile to breach enemy air defenses. Alternatively, the aircraft might achieve speeds significantly exceeding Mach 5, instilling confidence in the Air Force regarding its ability to evade interception.

Unless launched directly beneath its target, a Mach-12 interceptor missile would struggle to catch a Mach-12 NextRS operating at 100,000 feet. The greater the aircraft’s speed, the stronger the argument for its deployment.

Rubio discussed with Poland the need for NATO allies to boost defense spending

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

Secretary of State, Sen. Marco Rubio testifies during his Senate Foreign Relations confirmation hearing at Dirksen Senate Office Building.

U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced that he met with Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski in Washington on Friday, where they addressed issues such as “fair and reciprocal market access” and emphasized the urgent need for NATO Allies to enhance their defense investments.

Following the meeting, Rubio shared on the social media platform X that they also discussed the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and reiterated the necessity for all NATO members to increase their defense spending without delay. He highlighted that market access reciprocity was another significant topic of their conversation.

When asked about Washington’s negotiation strategies concerning Ukraine, the Polish foreign minister indicated that this was a matter for the U.S. to clarify, but he felt that the United States was dedicated to achieving lasting peace. He refrained from commenting on Rubio’s discussions regarding talks with Russia in Saudi Arabia.

U.S. President Donald Trump has been advocating for a resolution to the Ukraine conflict and recently held separate discussions with both Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy.

This week, Trump’s senior officials, including Rubio, engaged in talks with their Russian counterparts in Saudi Arabia, which did not cover the situation in Ukraine. Additionally, Trump referred to Zelenskiy as a dictator on Wednesday and has urged both the Russian and Ukrainian leaders to collaborate on ending the war that commenced with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, following its annexation of Crimea in 2014.

Trump has called for NATO countries to increase their defense budgets. Despite nearly doubling their defense spending since the annexation of Crimea, European nations still average below NATO’s guideline of 2% of GDP. Poland is projected to have the highest defense spending among NATO members, estimated at 4.1% of GDP in 2024, while eight of the alliance’s 32 members are expected to spend less than 2%.

Trump has warned that he may withhold protection from allies that do not meet their spending commitments.

Australia said China failed to provide a satisfactory explanation for the short notice of its navy’s live-fire exercises

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles

Australia criticized China on Saturday for not providing adequate justification for what it deemed insufficient notice regarding a live-fire drill conducted in waters between Australia and New Zealand, which led to flight diversions by airlines.

Defence Minister Richard Marles stated that the government has yet to receive a “satisfactory answer from China regarding the notice” of the drills, which he described as “disconcerting” for commercial aviation.

“When we conduct such activities, we typically provide 12 to 24 hours of notice,” Marles explained to Nine Entertainment, as per a transcript. “A satisfactory explanation is needed as to why that was not possible.”

On Friday, airlines such as Qantas, Emirates, and Air New Zealand adjusted their flight routes between Australia and New Zealand after China announced that its navy would conduct live-fire exercises in international waters off the coast of New South Wales.

Australia’s defence force indicated that there was no immediate threat to Australian or New Zealand assets, as confirmed by the government on Friday.

“China did adhere to international law, and it is crucial to acknowledge that,” Prime Minister Anthony Albanese remarked on Saturday during a broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun stated on Friday that the naval exercises “maintained safety standards and professional operations in accordance with relevant international laws and practices.”

Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong met with her Chinese counterpart Wang Yi on Friday during a Group of 20 meeting in South Africa, where they planned to discuss “safe and professional military conduct.”

The exercise occurred following the entry of a People’s Liberation Army Navy frigate, cruiser, and replenishment vessel into Australia’s maritime approaches last week, which subsequently traveled down the east coast of Australia this week, under the observation of the navies and air forces of both Australia and New Zealand.

Earlier this month, Australia raised concerns regarding “unsafe and unprofessional” maneuvers by a Chinese fighter jet directed at an Australian maritime patrol in the South China Sea. In response, Beijing accused the Australian aircraft of “deliberately intruding” into its airspace.

China continues to reject the 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, which determined that its extensive claims over nearly the entire South China Sea—areas also claimed by several Southeast Asian nations—lack support from international law.

Iranian drone carrier Shahid Mahdavi has arrived in Malaysia for an operational visit

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

A significant milestone was achieved as, for the first time, two warships from the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN) docked in Malaysia, an event characterized by the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) as an “operational visit.”

An official announcement shared on the RMN’s Facebook page indicated that the Iranian naval vessels making their debut in Malaysia are the auxiliary ship Shahid Mahdavi and the frigate IRINS Dena.

The RMN statement noted, “This marks the first arrival of two assets from the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy in Malaysia for an operational visit, specifically the auxiliary ship (ocean liner – 110-3) Shahid Mahdavi and the frigate I.R.I.N.S Dena.”

“This visit represents a historic moment that will lay the groundwork for enhancing bilateral relations between the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy moving forward. Welcome to Malaysia!” the statement further emphasized.

Captain Erman Shahril Adlan, the Director of Human Resource Development (RMN), led the delegation in welcoming the Iranian warships, accompanied by the RMN Central Band. The Ambassador of Iran to Malaysia, His Excellency Valiollah Mohammadi Nasrabadi, was also in attendance.

Notably, the Shahid Mahdavi, one of the visiting Iranian warships, is reported to function as a drone carrier under the operation of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN). It is one of only two known Iranian drone carriers, alongside the Shahid Bagheri.

International reports suggest that both vessels are designed as multi-role warships intended to extend Iranian naval influence beyond its territorial waters. Originally constructed as a container ship by Hyundai Heavy Industries in Ulsan, South Korea, in 2000, the Shahid Mahdavi has previously been known by several names, including Iran Isfahan, Sarita, Dandle, Twelfth Ocean, and Sarvin.

In July 2021, the vessel was converted into a warship at Shahid Darvishi Marine Industries located near Bandar Abbas, with its official commissioning taking place in March 2023.

Technical Specifications of Shahid Mahdavi:
– Length: 240 meters
– Beam: 32 meters
– Displacement: 36,000 to 40,000 tons
– Maximum Speed: 18 knots
– Operational Range: Up to 18,000 nautical miles without refueling
– Propulsion: MAN B&W engines producing 29,000 kW

In addition to serving as a drone carrier, Shahid Mahdavi, along with its sister ship Shahid Bagheri, is armed with a diverse range of weaponry, which includes:
– Naval guns
– Anti-ship missiles
– Cruise missiles
– Air defense systems
– Fast attack boats equipped with rockets

Both drone carriers are also outfitted with 3D Phased Array radar and electronic warfare systems, significantly enhancing their operational effectiveness.

Images released by Iranian media in mid-2024 indicated that Shahid Bagheri, recognized as Iran’s inaugural drone carrier, has been fitted with a “ski jump” launch system, akin to those utilized on the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov and the UK’s Queen Elizabeth-class carriers.

High-ranking Iranian military officials have asserted that drone carriers such as Shahid Mahdavi and Shahid Bagheri will operate as mobile maritime cities, capable of supporting long-range naval missions for extended durations. Both vessels are reportedly able to remain at sea for up to a year without the need for resupply, thereby reinforcing Iran’s maritime capabilities.

Rear Admiral Ali Reza Tangsiri, the Commander of the IRGCN, has stated that the vessels will bolster Iran’s strategic maritime goals by ensuring the stability of Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) and providing support to Iranian fishing boats and regional commercial vessels in distress.

Reports from Iranian media indicate that the Shahid Mahdavi and Shahid Bagheri drone carriers will significantly improve Iran’s reconnaissance and strike capabilities, particularly through the use of suicide drones. Among the drones expected to be launched from these ships is the Shahed-136, an Iranian loitering munition that has also been utilized by Russian forces in Ukraine.

With a range estimated between 2,000 km and 2,500 km, the Shahed-136 represents a considerable threat to merchant and naval vessels operating in the area. By integrating drone warfare with naval operations, Iran seeks to expand its military influence beyond its maritime boundaries, thereby strengthening its strategic position in the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, and beyond.

Putin highlights the significant thermal advantage of the Oreshnik ballistic missile

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

Russian President Vladimir Putin has asserted that the warheads of the “Oreshnik” missile system are capable of withstanding temperatures comparable to those found on the sun’s surface, a development he credits to innovative materials created by Russian experts.

During his address at the “Technologies of the Future” forum in Moscow on February 21, 2025, Putin emphasized the distinctive characteristics of these warheads, particularly their resilience to extreme thermal conditions.

According to narratives from Russian state sources, this advancement represents a significant breakthrough in missile technology, enhancing the Oreshnik’s status as a powerful asset within Russia’s military capabilities.

Putin remarked that the idea for such systems originated in the 1980s; however, the lack of appropriate materials to endure such high temperatures hindered progress at that time. He claimed that advancements in modern Russian technology have now resolved these previous challenges.

In addition to discussing the missile, Putin connected this development to wider technological advancements, highlighting the role of specialists who have developed materials for cutting-edge aircraft like the MS-21-300 and advocating for ongoing collaboration across various sectors to maintain Russia’s technological superiority.

The Oreshnik missile gained attention when it was first utilized in combat on November 21, 2024, targeting the Pivdenmash defense facility in Dnipro, Ukraine.

This event marked the operational introduction of the missile during the Russo-Ukrainian War, which Russian officials characterized as a direct reaction to Ukraine’s deployment of U.S.-provided ATACMS and British Storm Shadow missiles targeting Russian territory.

The missile was launched from the Kapustin Yar facility in Astrakhan Oblast and was reported to have a multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) payload, releasing six warheads across the designated target area.

Ukrainian authorities indicated that the physical damage was minimal, with high-ranking sources suggesting that the warheads might have been “dummies” without explosives. This detail raised questions about whether the strike was intended more as a political statement than a genuine military action.

The attack prompted air raid alerts throughout eastern Ukraine, yet no significant casualties were reported, and the strategic implications seemed limited in comparison to the rhetoric from Russia. Analysts from both Western nations and Ukraine interpreted the incident as an escalation, heightening concerns about a broader conflict, although its immediate effects on the battlefield were relatively minor.

Russian commentators were quick to emphasize the importance of the Oreshnik missile. In a televised statement following the strike in Dnipro, Putin asserted, “There are currently no means to counter this weapon. The missiles strike targets at a speed of 10 Mach, which is 2.5-3 kilometers per second. We are prepared for any developments. Those who still have doubts should reconsider.”

Anatoly Matviychuk, a military expert in Russia, reinforced this assertion, stating in state-affiliated media, “It can carry six to eight conventional or nuclear warheads and is likely already operational, providing unparalleled versatility and power.” Meanwhile, skepticism remains prevalent among Ukrainian officials.

Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser to President Volodymyr Zelensky, refuted Putin’s assertions in an interview with The Guardian, stating, “Putin lacks understanding of military matters. He is someone who relies on presentations showing animated depictions of missile trajectories, claiming they are invulnerable to interception. He has made similar claims about the Kinzhal missile, yet it has been demonstrated that Patriot systems can effectively neutralize it.”

From a Western perspective, Jeffrey Lewis, director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the Middlebury Institute, provided a balanced assessment to Reuters, noting, “While this represents a new capability, it does not signify a significant shift in conventional weapons development. It combines existing technologies in an innovative manner. The high speed of reentry can cause damage, even if the warhead is not explosive.”

Examining the technical specifications of the Oreshnik, experts from both Russia and the United States offer differing yet complementary viewpoints. Russian commentators, including military blogger Yuri Podolyaka, claim that the missile has a range of 5,000 kilometers, posing a threat to much of Europe and the U.S. West Coast, with hypersonic speeds surpassing Mach 10—approximately 12,300 kilometers per hour.

Putin has asserted that the missile is impossible to intercept, a claim echoed by Matviychuk, who informed Russian media, “Its MIRV design enables it to strike multiple targets with accuracy, and the materials used in its warheads can withstand extreme temperatures, making it a transformative weapon.” This aligns with Putin’s recent remarks regarding heat-resistant materials, indicating an emphasis on engineering durability at hypersonic speeds.

American analysts, however, are cautious about the excitement surrounding the Oreshnik missile. Pentagon Deputy Press Secretary Sabrina Singh characterized it as a variant of the RS-26 Rubezh intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), explaining to reporters that it is experimental and based on an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) platform, with its reduced range likely achieved by omitting a booster stage.

Lewis, who examined debris from the Dnipro strike, informed Reuters that the technology is not groundbreaking. He stated, “All ballistic missiles within this range are hypersonic, and while intercepting them poses challenges, systems like Israel’s Arrow 3 or our SM-3 Block 2A are equipped to address this threat. The warheads that struck Dnipro followed a lofted trajectory, indicating a high apogee to decrease range, rather than representing a significant technological advancement.”

The Russian narrative surrounding the Oreshnik portrays it as a testament to national strength, with Putin’s recent remarks enhancing its allure by referencing solar temperatures—around 5,500 degrees Celsius at the sun’s surface. Such assertions suggest the use of advanced ablative materials or ceramics, although no specific alloys or composites have been revealed.

American specialists remain skeptical about its distinctiveness, with Lewis telling Reuters, “A detailed examination of the debris could provide insights into Russian design, but it does not signify a fundamental change. The speed and multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) capabilities are noteworthy, but this represents an evolution rather than a revolution.”

The missile’s initial deployment in Ukraine, combined with Putin’s heightened rhetoric, highlights its function as both a psychological and strategic instrument. However, its actual impact—evident in Dnipro and in broader expert discussions—indicates a capability that is more entrenched in propaganda than in demonstrable effectiveness.

As Russia continues to amplify its technological claims, the Oreshnik remains a contentious topic, with its true capabilities being debated amidst the complexities of the ongoing conflict.

US may restrict Ukraine’s access to Starlink internet services due to mineral concerns, according to sources

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

U.S. negotiators have been urging Kyiv to grant access to Ukraine‘s essential mineral resources, suggesting that the country could face restrictions on its use of Elon Musk‘s crucial Starlink satellite internet service, according to three sources familiar with the discussions, as reported by Reuters.

The topic of Ukraine’s access to SpaceX’s Starlink was raised during talks between U.S. and Ukrainian officials after President Volodymyr Zelenskiy declined an initial proposal from U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, the sources indicated.

Starlink is vital for providing internet connectivity to Ukraine, which has been severely impacted by the ongoing conflict. The matter was revisited on Thursday during meetings between Keith Kellogg, the U.S. special envoy for Ukraine, and Zelenskiy, as noted by one source who was informed about the discussions.

During this meeting, Ukraine was warned that it could face an imminent cutoff of the Starlink service unless an agreement regarding critical minerals was reached, according to the source, who requested anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the negotiations. “Starlink is essential for Ukraine. They view it as their guiding light,” the source remarked. “Losing Starlink would be a significant setback.”

Zelenskiy has previously dismissed demands from the Trump administration for $500 billion in mineral resources from Ukraine as repayment for wartime assistance, arguing that the U.S. has not provided specific security assurances. On Friday, the Ukrainian president stated that both U.S. and Ukrainian teams were collaborating on an agreement, with Trump expressing optimism that a deal would be finalized soon.

Musk expedited the delivery of thousands of Starlink terminals to Ukraine to replace communication services that were disrupted by Russia following its invasion in February 2022. While initially celebrated as a hero in Ukraine, Musk had previously limited access to the service at least once in the fall of 2022 as he became increasingly critical of Kyiv’s approach to the conflict.

U.S. lawmakers are experiencing a split regarding Trump’s push for a swift resolution to the Ukraine conflict, with some expressing concerns over Musk’s rapid initiatives to reduce the federal workforce and close government agencies. Melinda Haring, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, emphasized the critical role of Starlink in supporting Ukraine’s drone operations, which are vital to its military strategy. “The loss of Starlink would significantly alter the situation,” Haring remarked, highlighting that Ukraine has achieved parity with Russia in drone deployment and artillery usage. Ukraine boasts a diverse array of drone capabilities, including maritime drones, reconnaissance drones, and long-range unmanned aerial vehicles.

The Ukrainian embassy in Washington, along with the White House and the U.S. Department of Defense, did not provide immediate comments on the matter. Similarly, SpaceX, the operator of Starlink, has not yet responded to inquiries.

Last fall, Ukraine proposed the idea of opening its critical mineral resources to investment from allies as part of a “victory plan” aimed at strengthening its negotiating position and compelling Moscow to engage in talks. Trump has supported this notion, suggesting that Ukraine could supply the U.S. with rare earth elements and other minerals in exchange for financial assistance in its war efforts.

However, Zelenskiy recently turned down a detailed U.S. proposal that would have allocated 50% of Ukraine’s critical minerals—such as graphite, uranium, titanium, and lithium, essential for electric vehicle batteries—to Washington and American companies. This has led to a growing divide between the two leaders, with Trump labeling Zelenskiy as “a dictator without elections” after Zelenskiy accused Trump of being ensnared in a Russian disinformation narrative, a rebuttal to Trump’s claim that Ukraine instigated the war.

Trump disrupts Pentagon leadership by dismissing a senior general and appointing a retired three-star officer

Asif Shahid

February 22, 2025

U.S. Air Force General C.Q. Brown, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, speaks at a conference of African chiefs of defense in Gaborone, Botswana.

On Friday, President Donald Trump dismissed Air Force General C.Q. Brown from his position as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and announced plans to replace five other senior military officials, marking an extraordinary shift in U.S. military leadership.

In a statement on Truth Social, Trump indicated that he would nominate retired Lieutenant General Dan “Razin” Caine as Brown’s successor. Caine, a former F-16 pilot, most recently served as the associate director of military affairs at the Central Intelligence Agency.

Additionally, Trump will appoint a new head of the U.S. Navy, currently led by Admiral Lisa Franchetti, and will also make changes to the air force vice chief of staff and the judge advocates general for the Army, Navy, and Air Force, according to the Pentagon.

This decision initiates a significant period of transition at the Pentagon, which is already preparing for potential civilian staff dismissals, a comprehensive budget overhaul, and a reconfiguration of U.S. military deployments in line with Trump’s new America First foreign policy.

While changes in civilian leadership are common with each administration, the uniformed members of the U.S. armed forces remain apolitical, serving under both Democratic and Republican administrations.

General Brown, who took on the role of the highest-ranking military officer in October 2023, was anticipated to serve until September 2027. Trump did not provide reasons for Brown’s dismissal or clarify whether he would continue in his role until a Senate confirmation for his successor.

“I want to thank General Charles ‘CQ’ Brown for his over 40 years of service to our country, including as our current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He is a fine gentleman and an outstanding leader, and I wish a great future for him and his family,” Trump stated. Reuters was the first to report on the incoming Trump administration’s plans for these extensive personnel changes, including Brown’s removal.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth expressed skepticism about Brown prior to assuming leadership of the Defense Department, where he aims to dismantle diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives within the military. In his latest book, Hegseth questioned whether Brown’s appointment was influenced by his race rather than his qualifications. He wrote, “Was it because of his skin color? Or his skill? We’ll never know, but always doubt—which on its face seems unfair to CQ.

But since he has made the race card one of his biggest calling cards, it doesn’t really much matter,” in his 2024 publication, “The War on Warriors: Behind the Betrayal of the Men Who Keep Us Free.”

Brown, a former fighter pilot and the second Black officer to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shared his personal experiences in a poignant video released after George Floyd’s death in 2020. He was traveling for official duties when Trump announced his appointment.

Just hours before the announcement, Brown’s official X account featured images of him engaging with troops stationed at the U.S.-Mexico border. In a post on X, he stated, “Border Security has always been critical to the defense of our homeland. As we navigate unprecedented security challenges… we will ensure our troops at the border have everything they need.” A spokesperson for Brown has not yet provided a response to requests for comment.

Saudi Arabia seems to be boosting its ballistic missile capabilities, according to recent satellite imagery

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

Saudi army officers walk past F-15 fighter jets, GBU bombs and missiles displayed during a ceremony marking the 50th anniversary of the creation of the King Faisal Air Academy at King Salman airbase in Riyadh.

Recent satellite imagery suggests that Saudi Arabia may be discreetly enhancing and expanding its long-range missile capabilities.

Fabian Hinz, a defense and military analyst at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), examined these images in a report released on Thursday.

The kingdom first developed long-range surface-to-surface missiles during the 1980s, primarily in response to the Iran-Iraq war and the increasing missile proliferation in the region.

Information regarding the evolution of its missile program has been limited, as Saudi Arabia seldom showcases its long-range weaponry publicly.

The IISS report indicates the apparent construction of an underground missile facility near al-Nabhaniyah in central Saudi Arabia. This construction commenced in 2019 and was largely completed by early 2024.

According to the report, this site represents the first of its kind established since the 1980s.

Hinz noted several indicators that suggest the site is indeed a missile base, including an administrative building that mirrors those found at other Saudi missile facilities, a similar spatial arrangement between the underground complex and surrounding residential and administrative zones, and a tunnel entrance akin to that of an existing base.

Records from contractors also confirm that the al-Nabhaniyah project is under the auspices of the defense ministry.

Additionally, the report highlights recent developments at the existing Saudi missile base in Wadi al-Dawasir, where a new large building has been constructed, potentially serving as an operational or support facility within the complex.

The IISS has observed indications of modernization and expansion at a missile base headquarters in Riyadh, along with the construction of new tunnels or underground facilities at bases in al-Hariq, Raniyah, and al-Sulayyil.

Saudi Arabia’s long-range missile capabilities remain largely classified.

In 2014, the kingdom conducted a significant military exercise that featured its Chinese-manufactured Dongfeng-3 ballistic missiles, marking their public debut.

According to a CNN report from December 2021, Saudi Arabia was in the process of producing its own ballistic missiles with support from China, based on US intelligence evaluations.

In May 2022, The Intercept reported, referencing a US intelligence source, that Riyadh intended to acquire Chinese ballistic missiles through a program referred to as “Crocodile.”

As part of its Vision 2030 initiative aimed at economic diversification and reducing oil dependency, Saudi Arabia is working to enhance its domestic defense manufacturing sector.

Hinz noted, “The noticeable lack of ballistic missile deployment in Saudi Arabia’s operations against Ansarullah (the Houthis) suggests that these systems may function more as a strategic deterrent rather than as a combat capability.”

He added, “Their true purpose may only become evident during a crisis.”

Ukrainian troops reject Trump’s proposal for peace negotiations with Russia

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

Ukrainian service members of the 68th Jaeger Brigade named after Oleksa Dovbush attend military exercises at a training ground, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine.

Peace negotiations this week between Russia and the United States, aimed at concluding three years of conflict in Ukraine, have failed to resonate with front-line Ukrainian soldiers, who believe that without Kyiv’s involvement, a swift resolution to the fighting is unlikely.

An infantryman known by the call sign “Rugbyist,” while gripping his assault rifle, reflected on Ukraine’s staunch defense during the initial weeks of Russia’s invasion in February 2022, prior to the influx of Western support, and indicated that Ukraine could mount a similar resistance if necessary.

He expressed skepticism regarding U.S. President Donald Trump’s commitment to Ukraine, stating, “You can’t be betrayed by a person you didn’t expect anything from.” Another soldier, referred to as “Pruzhynka,” shared a similar sentiment about the Russian-U.S. discussions in Saudi Arabia, asserting his intention to continue fighting upon his return to the front lines.

“Perhaps they reached some conclusions over there, but that’s merely their perspective,” remarked the 21-year-old, whose call sign translates to “spring,” during an interview with Reuters at a training facility in southeastern Ukraine.

“Ukrainians won’t buy into all that.” Trump’s advocacy for a rapid peace with Moscow, while marginalizing Ukraine, has instilled apprehension among many Ukrainians and their supporters. Nevertheless, soldiers on the front lines remain resolute in their commitment to continue the fight, drawing on three years of significant sacrifices and the loss of numerous comrades.

President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has rejected any agreements made without Ukraine’s involvement and is actively seeking robust security assurances from Kyiv’s allies before consenting to any resolution. Trump envoy Keith Kellogg mentioned on Friday that he had “extensive and positive” discussions with Zelenskiy during his visit to Kyiv but did not provide additional details.

On Friday, the Kremlin suggested a potential meeting between former President Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin, although specific details remain to be finalized. On the battlefield, Ukrainian forces, significantly outnumbered and outgunned, are facing challenges in repelling Russian advances across much of the extensive eastern front.

Intense combat is occurring near the critical logistics center of Pokrovsk, which is partially defended by the 68th Jaeger Brigade of Ukraine. During training exercises, soldiers expressed skepticism regarding the current peace negotiations and anticipated no swift resolution to the conflict.

“We have many patriots among us – we are the descendants of the Cossacks,” stated “Alladin,” who is involved in training the troops. “We will fight until the end.”

Kongsberg suggests converting civilian vessels to enhance defense capabilities

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

Servicemen of the 5th Separate Heavy Mechanised Brigade of the Ukrainian Armed Forces drive in a Leopard 1A5 tank, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine.

The CEO of Norway‘s Kongsberg Gruppen stated that adapting civilian platforms for military applications can accelerate defense production and enhance standardization, particularly as the pressure for increased military spending in Europe intensifies under President Donald Trump. In an interview with Reuters, Geir Haoy emphasized the need for simplified processes to achieve this acceleration.

He noted that the defense sector is increasingly asking how commercial products and systems can be integrated into military frameworks. Recently, the Trump administration surprised European allies by urging them to take greater responsibility for their own security and to reduce reliance on the U.S., while also initiating discussions with Russia regarding the conflict in Ukraine. U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth encouraged European nations to raise their military expenditures to 5% of GDP, cautioning that “stark strategic realities” would limit U.S. focus on European security.

Following these comments, European defense stocks experienced an uptick. As various nations aim to modernize and expand their naval capabilities, Haoy suggested that one effective approach would be to standardize vessels by adapting civilian designs for military use, thereby addressing the challenges posed by varying standards and platforms. He explained that by making vessels as civilian as possible while ensuring they meet military requirements, production can be expedited, costs reduced, and sophisticated vessels developed. Haoy also pointed to the situation in Ukraine, where the complexity of managing multiple supply chains for different weapon systems has led to increased time and expenses.

Standardizing processes, utilizing civilian platforms, and enhancing their military applications by integrating necessary capabilities and capacities could serve as a viable solution to accelerate our operational effectiveness.

In addition to developing their own capabilities, major defense firms must prioritize the security of their supply chains, which typically involve smaller and medium-sized enterprises that often struggle to make significant upfront investments.

“We are currently exploring in Europe how to maintain this supply chain while increasing capacity and identifying effective sourcing strategies.”

A study shows Europe can defend itself independently but needs better coordination among member states

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

Members of the military honour guard march, on the day of a meeting between German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius and European Commissioner for Defence and Space Andrius Kubilius in Berlin, Germany.

Europe must allocate approximately 250 billion euros ($261.6 billion) each year for defense investments to ensure its security independent of U.S. assistance, according to a study released on Friday. This expenditure, representing 1.5% of the EU‘s gross domestic product, would enable Europe to deploy around 300,000 troops to defend against potential threats from Russia, as indicated by the research conducted by the Bruegel Institute and the Kiel Institute for the World Economy.

The report emphasized the necessity for enhanced coordination and collaborative procurement among European nations, highlighting that despite the continent’s financial capabilities, effective defense collaboration remains a significant hurdle among national military forces.

European nations have faced mounting pressure from U.S. President Donald Trump to bolster their military capabilities, with his defense secretary recently cautioning Europe against relying excessively on the U.S. for its defense needs. German Chancellor candidate Friedrich Merz expressed skepticism regarding the future of U.S. involvement in NATO, while U.S. National Security Advisor Mike Waltz set a June deadline for all NATO members to meet the defense spending goal of 2% of GDP.

The Bruegel and Kiel study proposed increasing European defense spending to as much as 4% of GDP annually, up from the current 2%. It suggested that half of this increase could be financed through common European debt for joint procurement, with the remainder funded at the national level.

The study pointed out that Russia has significantly enhanced its military capabilities since the onset of the Ukraine conflict, noting the mobilization of approximately 700,000 troops and a substantial rise in the production of tanks and armored vehicles. It concluded that to establish 50 additional brigades, Europe would require 1,400 new main battle tanks and 2,000 infantry fighting vehicles, a demand that would surpass the total inventory of the German, French, Italian, and British ground forces combined.

Guntram Wolff, a co-author of the study, stated that this situation is economically manageable, noting that the resources required are significantly lower than those mobilized to address the crisis during the COVID pandemic.

Poland’s finance minister has emphasized that defence spending will remain a top priority

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

Polish army general stands in front of the surface-to-air missile launcher, the Patriot (Wisla) system, newly added into the Integrated Battle Command System (IBCS) at an army base in Sochaczew, Poland.

Defence will continue to be a primary focus in Poland‘s budget, according to Finance Minister Andrzej Domanski, who emphasized the need for European Union nations to support a Polish initiative that would allow for increased military expenditure without violating the bloc’s fiscal regulations.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has driven Poland to enhance its military capabilities and increase arms acquisitions, with the country dedicating 4.7% of its gross domestic product (GDP) to defence this year, marking one of the highest contributions within NATO.

Domanski stated in a radio interview, “The budget, particularly defence spending, has always been and will remain our foremost priority. These expenditures shape all our other investments, as they are only justified when Poland’s security is assured.” He also called on other EU member states to elevate their defence budgets.

On Thursday, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk advocated for the swift implementation of new fiscal regulations to support enhanced European defence initiatives and suggested that the EU should utilize frozen Russian assets to finance aid for Ukraine.

Domanski remarked that, in light of recent developments from the United States, the EU must assume greater responsibility for its own security and the overall situation on the continent. Earlier this week, French President Emmanuel Macron convened two meetings with European leaders to discuss accelerating defence spending and responding more swiftly as the U.S. administration intensifies diplomatic efforts to resolve the ongoing Ukraine-Russia conflict.

YY-20A aircraft sighted—The enigma surrounding China’s 50-tanker PLAAF deepens.

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

On February 21, 2025, military aviation expert Andreas Rupprecht, recognized on X as @RupprechtDeino, shared an intriguing update that stirred interest within the defense analysis community. A previously unverified YY-20A tanker, identified by the serial number 20646, was captured in photographs.

This discovery not only contributed to the documented inventory of China’s expanding fleet of aerial refueling aircraft but also reignited an ongoing inquiry: how many YY-20A tankers are currently operational within the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF)?

Rupprecht’s commentary raised the possibility that all aircraft numbered from 20541 to 21040—potentially totaling 50 tankers—are indeed active YY-20As, or if the numbering system has obscured the actual count. The reality remains unclear, often hidden behind the secrecy that characterizes Chinese military advancements, yet the implications are significant.

Determining the precise number of YY-20A tankers in operation is largely speculative, given Beijing’s hesitance to disclose comprehensive force structure information. If Rupprecht’s assertion holds true, and all 50 serials from 20541 to 21040 correspond to active YY-20A tankers, it would indicate an impressive production rate for a platform that was only introduced in 2022.

Nevertheless, discussions on X and analyses from outlets like Aviation Week suggest a more cautious estimate. A 2023 evaluation indicated that by 2032, China might operate up to 75 YY-20 tankers, suggesting a current fleet size closer to a dozen, with production expected to increase annually.

The sighting of 20646, positioned within the sequence, implies that the PLAAF may indeed be producing these aircraft at a consistent rate—potentially six to eight per year, according to some analysts—while transitioning from the initial YY-20A to the more advanced YY-20B variant, which is powered by domestically produced WS-20 engines.

The potential for renumbering or utilizing Y-20B transports as dual-purpose tankers adds complexity to the situation. Currently, the fleet is estimated to have between 10 and 20 operational YY-20As, with many more in development as China accelerates efforts to enhance its strategic airlift and refueling capabilities.

The YY-20A, part of the larger Y-20 family, represents more than just a numerical increase; it is a crucial element in the PLAAF’s evolution into a force capable of global power projection. Based on the Xi’an Y-20 strategic transport, the YY-20A tanker variant can carry up to 90 tons of fuel, significantly surpassing the capacity of the older H-6U tankers it is set to replace.

This advancement enables Chinese aircraft such as the J-20 and J-16 to extend their operational ranges well beyond the first island chain, which stretches from Japan to Taiwan and the Philippines. For the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), this capability not only enhances the defense of national airspace but also supports offensive operations throughout the Indo-Pacific region, including areas like the South China Sea and potential hotspots such as Guam.

The Y-20 platform’s adaptability—functioning as a transport, tanker, and potentially an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) system—reflects the multi-role versatility found in Western aircraft like the Airbus A400M, while competing with the scale of the U.S. Air Force’s C-17 Globemaster III.

In conjunction with China’s expanding network of overseas bases, the YY-20A equips the PLA to deploy and sustain forces swiftly, whether for military engagements or humanitarian efforts, marking a transition from a focus on regional defense to a broader global presence.

American military officials have been closely observing developments across the Pacific, expressing a blend of reluctant admiration and increasing apprehension. The Pentagon’s 2024 China Military Power Report, published in December, highlighted the swift modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), noting that its fleet of 3,150 aircraft—more than 2,400 of which are combat-ready—positions it as the third-largest air force in the world, closely trailing the U.S. Air Force.

During a recent briefing, a senior Pentagon official, who requested anonymity, emphasized the significance of the YY-20 in this advancement: “The Chinese are rapidly closing operational gaps. Their tanker fleet, spearheaded by the YY-20, provides their stealth fighters and bombers with the range necessary to contest our forces in the Western Pacific.”

Kris Osborn, a military analyst for The National Interest, expressed similar concerns back in 2018, prior to the introduction of the YY-20B, cautioning that the Y-20 series could potentially “double the operational range of China’s fifth-generation fighters,” a prediction that is now materializing.

In a more recent 2023 analysis for The War Zone, Osborn highlighted the YY-20B’s ability to take off in “hot and high” conditions—thanks to the WS-20 engines—as a transformative factor, enabling operations from challenging, elevated bases that could be crucial in a Taiwan scenario.

The underlying message is unmistakable: the U.S. is wary of a PLAAF capable of executing long-range strikes and undermining American naval supremacy, a scenario that keeps defense strategists in Washington on high alert.

What is the aircraft causing such unease across the Atlantic? The Xi’an Y-20, affectionately known as “Chubby Girl” due to its broad fuselage, made its first appearance in 2013 as China’s inaugural domestically produced heavy airlifter. It was developed by Xi’an Aircraft Industrial Corporation with contributions from Russian and Ukrainian sources.

The standard Y-20A transport variant, initially equipped with Russian D-30KP-2 engines, can carry a payload of 66 tons and has a maximum range of 7,800 kilometers when fully loaded. It is capable of transporting a variety of cargo, including ZTZ-99 tanks and medical supplies.

In 2022, the YY-20A tanker variant was introduced, replacing cargo space with fuel pallets. This version includes two underwing refueling pods and a centerline drogue, designed for refueling larger aircraft such as the H-6N bomber or KJ-500A AEW&C platform, with monitoring provided by IIR/TV cameras for accuracy.

The Y-20B, which debuted in 2023, features an upgrade to four Shenyang WS-20 high-bypass turbofan engines, increasing thrust to 31,000 pounds per engine and improving both range and short-field capabilities. A YY-20B tanker sub-variant was observed in late 2023, likely enhancing these features, although there are suggestions that the Y-20B’s modular design may allow any variant to function as a tanker with minimal adjustments.

The aircraft is equipped with advanced avionics, a glass cockpit featuring heads-up displays, and is constructed with composite materials, making it both modern and substantial, with a wingspan of 50 meters and a length of 47 meters.

Internationally, the Y-20’s potential for export is gaining attention. Nigeria has been mentioned as a potential buyer since at least January 2024, according to Wikipedia’s documentation of PLAAF marketing activities, likely attracted by the aircraft’s capability to operate from less developed airfields—a significant advantage for African nations with varying infrastructure.

Venezuela, aligned with pro-China sentiments, along with various African nations such as Egypt, where the Y-20 captivated audiences at the 2024 Egypt International Airshow, is part of a larger narrative. According to The War Zone in September 2024, China’s showcase of the Y-20A at South Africa’s AAD 2024 expo highlighted its strategic ambitions on the continent, where countries are in search of cost-effective alternatives to Western or Russian airlifters like the C-130 and Il-76.

Experts identify a potential market for the Y-20E export variant, equipped with WS-20 engines, which could attract nations looking for strategic airlift capabilities without the geopolitical implications associated with U.S. or NATO-affiliated platforms.

Pakistan, already a customer of Chinese AEW&C systems, may consider the anticipated KJ-3000 AEW&C variant, while Serbia, which received Chinese FK-3 missiles via Y-20 in 2022, could explore further acquisitions to strengthen bilateral relations. However, competition remains fierce, as Russia’s Il-76 continues to be a cost-effective option, and sanctions on Moscow may allow it to offer lower prices than China.

Nonetheless, with increasing production capabilities and the introduction of a civilian Y-20F-100 variant aimed at commercial markets, China is positioning itself to meet global demand for its “Chubby Girl.”

The appearance of the YY-20A, marked by the notable sighting of 20646, reflects China’s broader military ambitions—a combination of aspiration, engineering prowess, and strategic insight that is altering the balance of power in the Indo-Pacific region.

Whether the PLAAF deploys 50 tankers today or reaches 75 by the end of the decade, the implication is clear: China’s air force has evolved from a regional entity to a significant global player, capturing the attention of the international community, particularly the Pentagon.

US Treasury’s Bessent suggests Russia could gain sanctions relief in conflict negotiations

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent speaks at the White House, in Washington.

Russia may find some relief from U.S. sanctions if it demonstrates a genuine willingness to negotiate an end to the conflict in Ukraine, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated in an interview with Bloomberg Television on Thursday.

Bessent also mentioned that he plans to engage with his Chinese counterpart on Friday, encouraging China to shift its economic focus towards greater consumer spending. When asked about the potential for the U.S. to either escalate or ease sanctions on Russia based on the progress of negotiations regarding the Ukraine war, Bessent remarked, “That’d be a very good characterization.”

He further noted, “The president is dedicated to resolving this conflict swiftly.” President Donald Trump has indicated that he might meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin this month to discuss ways to conclude the war.

While Bessent did not specify when a Trump-Putin meeting might occur, he confirmed that he would not participate in the upcoming G20 finance ministers and central bank governors meeting in South Africa “due to some domestic considerations.” During his confirmation hearing in the U.S. Senate, Bessent expressed his willingness to support an increase in U.S. sanctions on Russian energy, particularly targeting major oil companies, should Trump request it.

The Treasury Secretary criticized Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy for not finalizing a $500 billion agreement to supply critical minerals to the U.S. and for escalating tensions with Trump. The U.S. president has labeled Zelenskiy a “dictator.” Bessent stated that Zelenskiy had assured him he would sign the minerals deal in Munich, which he has not done. He characterized the minerals supply agreement as part of a broader strategy to align Ukraine more closely with the U.S.

On Wednesday, Zelenskiy rejected U.S. demands for Ukraine to repay Washington with mineral resources equivalent to wartime aid, arguing that the U.S. had not provided nearly that amount and had not offered specific security guarantees in the proposed agreement.

CHINA REBALANCING ARGUMENT

During an introductory call with his Chinese counterpart, Bessent expressed his intention to advocate for economic reforms that would promote greater domestic consumption. The Chinese foreign ministry announced that Vice Premier He Lifeng would engage in a video call with Bessent on Friday, a discussion initiated by the U.S. to address significant economic matters between the two nations. Bessent’s predecessor, Janet Yellen, frequently communicated and met with He.

The notion that China should decrease its reliance on exports for economic growth has been a recurring theme voiced by Yellen and several other U.S. Treasury secretaries over the years. Nevertheless, China has persisted with its investment and export-driven strategies.

“The Chinese need to adjust their economic model to prioritize consumption, as they are currently favoring the business sector at the expense of the consumer,” Bessent remarked.

DEBT ISSUANCE UNCHANGED

Bessent indicated that any potential increase in the proportion of longer-term Treasuries in government debt issuance is not imminent, citing challenges such as the Federal Reserve’s quantitative tightening measures. During Trump’s election campaign, Bessent criticized Yellen’s preference for issuing shorter-term bills, which generally offer lower interest rates, arguing that this approach was designed to stimulate short-term growth, a claim Yellen refuted.

“That transition is still a long way off, and we will have to see how the market responds,” Bessent stated when questioned about the possibility of moving towards longer-term issuance. “It will depend on the path we take.” He also dismissed rumors regarding the U.S. government potentially revaluing its gold reserves to alleviate borrowing requirements or to finance the establishment of a sovereign wealth fund, as reported.

Trump is reportedly quite displeased with Zelensky, according to Rubio

Asif Shahid

February 21, 2025

U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the State Department in Washington, U.S.

US President Donald Trump is reportedly “very upset” with Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky, as stated by Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who highlighted a disagreement regarding a proposed mineral rights agreement.

This development indicates escalating tensions between the United States and Ukraine. On Wednesday, Trump referred to Zelensky as a “dictator without elections,” accusing him of poorly managing the conflict with Russia and misappropriating American aid.

Zelensky, whose presidential term concluded last spring, has declined to call for new elections, citing the ongoing martial law. Moscow considers Zelensky to be illegitimate, asserting that the Ukrainian parliament now holds legal authority.

In a Thursday interview with Canadian-American journalist Catherine Herridge, Rubio expressed his belief that “President Trump is very upset at President Zelensky – and rightfully so.”

Rubio also mentioned that he was “personally very upset” regarding the discussions that senior US officials had with Zelensky about a potential deal that would allow the US to access Ukraine’s extensive mineral resources, indicating that Zelensky had changed his position on the matter.

According to Rubio, the US officials attempted to reassure Zelensky by stating, “we want to be in a joint venture with you – not because we’re trying to steal from your country, but because we think that’s actually a security guarantee,” while emphasizing the need for the US to recoup some of the financial support it had provided to Ukraine.

He stated that they were eager to proceed with the deal, emphasizing its logical appeal. However, he mentioned the necessity of navigating it through his legislative process. Two days later, he noted that Zelensky was publicly claiming to have rejected the deal, which Rubio contested, asserting that this was not an accurate representation of their meeting.

The diplomat expressed that Ukraine should exhibit some degree of appreciation. He remarked that when such gratitude is absent and Zelensky accuses the president of being misinformed, it becomes quite counterproductive. Rubio was alluding to Zelensky’s reaction to Trump’s assertion that the Ukrainian leader’s current approval rating stands at 4%.

While Zelensky has not directly responded to Trump’s comments labeling him a “dictator,” Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrey Sibiga emphasized that both the Ukrainian populace and President Zelensky have resisted Russian President Vladimir Putin’s pressures, asserting that Ukraine cannot be coerced into submission.

In light of the ongoing tensions between Zelensky and Trump, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov remarked that officials in Kiev are making “absolutely unacceptable statements about other states,” and he noted that the decline in Zelensky’s popularity is an “absolutely obvious trend.”

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